56 Questions
What is the extracellular matrix of blood called?
Plasma
Which of the following is a cellular element in blood that is NOT a formed element?
Endocrine cells
What is the primary function of blood?
Delivery of oxygen and nutrients to body cells
How do nutrients from the foods you eat reach body cells?
Absorbed in the digestive tract and transported in the bloodstream
Which system is responsible for transporting oxygen from the air you breathe into the blood?
Respiratory system
What is the function of endocrine glands in relation to blood?
Release hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target cells
What is the main function of blood platelets during vessel damage?
Block ruptured areas of blood vessels
What is the role of white blood cells in protecting the body?
Seek out and destroy internal threats
What is true about the hematocrit test?
Separates RBCs from the liquid plasma using a centrifuge
What contributes to maintaining the pH of body tissues?
Buffers present in blood
How does blood help regulate body temperature on a warm day?
By increasing transport of blood from core to skin for heat dissipation
What is the primary characteristic that determines the color of blood?
Presence of oxygen
Which component of blood helps in maintaining the water content of body cells?
Blood plasma
What is the role of proteins present in blood?
Act as buffers for regulating pH in body tissues
How do homeostatic mechanisms regulate body temperature during exercise on a warm day?
By increasing transport of blood from skin to core for cooling
What happens to the color of blood that has just taken up oxygen?
It turns bright red
Why does blood have a slightly higher temperature than normal body temperature?
Due to the friction and resistance experienced as blood flows through blood vessels.
What is the role of albumin in the blood plasma?
Transport vehicle for fatty acids and steroid hormones.
Why does honey demonstrate greater resistance to flow compared to water?
Honey has a higher viscosity than water.
Which component of blood contributes significantly to maintaining both blood volume and pressure?
Albumin
What is the average pH range of blood in a healthy person?
7.35 - 7.45
Which plasma protein group is primarily involved in transporting iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins?
Globulins
What effect does the presence of plasma proteins have on the viscosity of blood?
Increases viscosity
Among the plasma proteins, which is produced by specialized leukocytes known as plasma cells?
Immunoglobulins
How much of the total plasma protein volume do globulins make up?
38%
What is the primary function of fibrinogen in the blood plasma?
Responsible for blood clotting.
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta?
Left Ventricle
What is the function of the ligamentum arteriosum in the heart?
Connects the aorta to the pulmonary trunk
Through which valve does blood pass when moving from the left atrium into the left ventricle?
Bicuspid or Mitral Valve
Which structure connects the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the heart?
Ligamentum Arteriosum
What is the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?
Prevent backflow of blood into atria
Which valve does blood pass through when entering the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle?
Pulmonary Valve
Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle wall?
To pump blood to all parts of the body in systemic circulation
How do heart valves ensure one-way flow of blood?
By opening and closing in response to pressure differences
Why are atrial walls thinner than ventricular walls?
To assist gravity in delivering blood to the ventricles
What is the function of semi-lunar valves in the heart?
To prevent backflow of blood from arteries to ventricles
What contributes to the variations in thickness among different heart chambers?
The distance blood needs to be pumped
How does blood flow within the heart chambers based on pressure differences?
From areas of high to low pressure
During the cardiac cycle, what causes the Lubb sound (S1) heard in the heartbeat?
Closure of both atrioventricular valves as ventricles contract
Which component contributes to cardiac output by representing the volume of blood ejected by the ventricle during each contraction?
Stroke volume
What is the primary cause of the Dupp sound (S2) in the cardiac cycle?
Closure of both AV valves as ventricles relax
In the context of cardiac output, what does CO stand for?
Cardiac output
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood turbulence due to valve closure cause heart sounds?
Ventricular systole
What modification can change Cardiac Output (CO) according to the provided text?
Variations in stroke volume or heart rate
What happens when the atrioventricular valves are closed?
Edges of cusps meet and close the valve
Which action tightens the chordae tendineae to prevent backflow of blood in the atrioventricular valves?
Papillary muscles contraction
What causes the semilunar valves to close and prevent backflow of blood from arteries?
Pressure in ventricles exceeding pressure in arteries
What is the main function of the semilunar valves in the heart?
Prevent backflow of blood from arteries into ventricles
What drives the cusps of atrioventricular valves upward until they close during ventricle contraction?
Pressure difference between atria and ventricles
Why do semilunar valves open in the heart?
When pulmonary pressure exceeds aortic pressure
What is the term for the pressure that must be exceeded before the semilunar valves open and ventricular ejection begins?
Afterload
Which factor ensures that if more blood is returned to the heart, more blood is ejected in the next heart beat?
Frank-Starling law
What is the origin of nervous system regulation of heart rate?
Medulla oblongata
Which of the following is NOT involved in chemical regulation of heart rate?
Proprioceptors
Which of the following factors influences the forcefulness of contraction of the heart muscle?
Pressure that must be exceeded before SL valves open
What factors are involved in ensuring that right and left ventricles pump equal volumes of blood?
Preload, contractility, afterload
Explore the characteristics of blood as a connective tissue, including its cellular elements like red blood cells and white blood cells, and its unique extracellular matrix known as plasma. Understand how the fluid nature of blood allows it to circulate throughout the body.
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