Blood and Lymphatic System Quiz

<p>AB+ to B+</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-B and Anti-Rh</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above are possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A = IAIA or IAi B = IBIB or IBi AB = IAIB O = ii</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, absorbing fats from the digestive tract, and defending the body against disease. It also helps to transport immune cells throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main types of lymphatic organs are primary lymphoid organs and secondary lymphoid organs. Primary lymphoid organs, such as the red bone marrow and the thymus, are the sites where immune cells develop. Secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphatic nodules, are the sites where the immune response is initiated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All these statements are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymph from your right arm would first pass through lymphatic capillaries, then converge into larger lymphatic valleys. These valleys would then drain into the right lymphatic duct which, in turn, empties into the right subclavian vein. This vein then drains into the right brachiocephalic vein, eventually reaching the superior vena cava and entering the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Veins in the cardiovascular system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary functions of the thymus gland are the maturation of T lymphocytes and the production of thymosins, which are hormones essential for the development of T lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red bone marrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thymus, a primary lymphoid organ, primarily functions in the maturation of T lymphocytes and the production of thymosins, which are hormones crucial for T lymphocyte development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spleen serves as a filter for the blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells. It also acts as a significant site for immune responses by accommodating white blood cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main categories of leukocytes are granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes, such as neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, have granules in their cytoplasm, which contain enzymes and other substances that help them to fight infection. Agranulocytes, such as lymphocytes and monocytes, lack these granules and play important roles in the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages, primarily found in the liver and spleen, engulf old or damaged red blood cells (RBCs). Hemoglobin, a protein in RBCs, is then broken down into its three components: globin, heme, and iron. Globin is digested into amino acids, which are recycled by the body. Iron is returned to the bone marrow for reuse in the production of new RBCs. Heme is converted into bile pigments, bilirubin and biliverdin, which are excreted in bile. These bile pigments are eventually eliminated from the body through the kidneys and digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cell production, known as erythropoiesis, is regulated by a hormone called erythropoietin, which is primarily produced by the kidneys. When the oxygen levels in the blood decrease, the kidneys release more erythropoietin. This hormone stimulates the red bone marrow, where red blood cells are produced, to increase the production of new red blood cells. Once oxygen levels return to normal, the kidneys reduce the production of erythropoietin, maintaining a balanced level of red blood cells in the circulatory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rho-GAM is an injection that contains anti-Rh antibodies. It is administered to Rh-negative mothers during pregnancy and within 72 hours after delivery. The antibodies in Rho-GAM destroy any Rh-positive fetal red blood cells that may have entered the mother's bloodstream, preventing the development of anti-Rh antibodies in the mother, thus minimizing the risks associated with the Rh problem in future pregnancies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mother: Rh-, Father: Rh+, Fetus: Rh+</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AB+</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulocytes and agranulocytes are two distinct categories of white blood cells. Granulocytes, as their name suggests, contain granules within their cytoplasm, which hold enzymes and other substances essential for fighting infection. Agranulocytes, conversely, lack such granules and have different roles in the immune system. For example, lymphocytes provide specific immunity by generating antibodies or directly killing infected cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rh factor refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells. It plays a crucial role in blood transfusions, as incompatibility between the Rh factor of the donor and recipient can lead to serious complications. Rh-negative individuals lack the Rh factor protein and can develop anti-Rh antibodies if exposed to Rh-positive blood cells. In subsequent transfusions or pregnancies, these antibodies can cause severe reactions, such as hemolytic anemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the ABO system, blood type refers to the inherited antigens present on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens, specifically antigen A and antigen B, determine an individual's blood type, which is crucial for safe blood transfusions and understanding potential incompatibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ABO blood group system is determined by three alleles: IA, IB, and i. The IA allele expresses antigen A, the IB allele expresses antigen B, and the i allele represents no antigen. These alleles combine in various combinations to produce the four different blood types: type A, type B, type AB, and type O.</p> Signup and view all the answers