Blood and Lymphatic System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the development and maturation of blood cells called?

Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis

What type of tissue is blood considered to be?

Connective tissue

What are red blood cells called?

Erythrocytes

What is the development of red blood cells called?

<p>Erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of white blood cells migrating through the endothelial walls of capillaries and venules into tissue spaces called?

<p>Diapedesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the production of white blood cells called?

<p>Leukopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant type of leukocyte, containing granules in their cytoplasm?

<p>Granulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of granulocytes?

<p>Basophils (A), Neutrophils (B), Eosinophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most numerous circulating type of leukocyte, phagocytic, and appears at a site of injury or infection?

<p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of eosinophils in the body?

<p>Protect the body by releasing substances capable of neutralizing toxic compounds and increases during allergic reactions and parasite infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does histamine do?

<p>Increases blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the type of leukocyte that arises in bone marrow from stem cells and does not contain granules in their cytoplasm?

<p>Agranulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of monocytes in the body?

<p>Mildly phagocytic when found in blood vessels, transform into macrophages at sites of inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of lymphocytes?

<p>B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity are B cells responsible for?

<p>Humoral and antibody immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is active immunity?

<p>Memory B and T cells are able to recall how it previously responded to an antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is phagocytosis?

<p>The process by which macrophages engulf and destroy microorganisms, cell debris, and foreign antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are thrombocytes?

<p>Cell fragments found in blood (platelets), initiate blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the development of platelets called?

<p>Thrombopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended?

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an antigen?

<p>A marker on the surface of a cell that identifies the cell as self or non-self</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four blood types?

<p>A (A), B (C), O (D), AB (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the network of transporting vessels in the lymph system called?

<p>Lymph vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the lymph system? (Select all that apply)

<p>Filter and remove unwanted products from lymph nodes (B), Maintain fluid balance of the body by draining extracellular fluid from tissue spaces and returning it to the blood (C), Transport lipids away from digestive organs for use of body tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of blood capillaries?

<p>Fluid becomes extracellular fluid that carries needed products to tissue cells while removing their waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lymph nodes?

<p>Macrophages phagocytize bacteria and harmful material here while T and B cells exert their protective influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spleen?

<p>Acts as a filter, phagocytic cells within this organ removes cellular debris, bacteria, parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thymus gland?

<p>Located in the mediastinum that controls the immune system by transforming lymphocytes to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tonsils?

<p>Masses of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx that act as a filter to protect the upper respiratory structure from invasion by pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nonspecific defenses, also known as innate immunity?

<p>The human body can prevent entry of pathogens or destroy them if they gain entrance, these types are quite general defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of nonspecific defenses?

<p>First-line barriers (B), Second-line barriers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are first-line barriers?

<p>Keep pathogens from entering the body, including skin and mucous membranes, tears, saliva, and gastric secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are second-line barriers?

<p>Stop the spread of pathogens once they have gained entry, including phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are specific defenses, also known as acquired or adaptive immunity?

<p>Immunity, acquired immune response, monocytes, lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is immunity?

<p>Resistance to a particular pathogen or to their toxins or metabolic byproducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acquired immune response?

<p>With each exposure to disease the immune system identifies the invader (antigen) and destroys it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the combining form aden/o?

<p>Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of agglutin/o?

<p>Clumping, gluing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of blast/o?

<p>Embryonic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of erythr/o?

<p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of hem/o, hemat/o?

<p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of lymphaden/o?

<p>Lymph gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of poikil/o?

<p>Irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of thromb/o?

<p>Blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of globin?

<p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of phylaxis?

<p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hematology?

<p>Branch of medicine that studies blood cells, blood clotting mechanisms, bone marrow, and lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is allergy and immunology?

<p>Branch of medicine involving disorders of the immune system, including asthma and anaphylaxis, adverse reaction to drugs, autoimmune diseases, organ transplants, and malignancies of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an allergist and immunologist?

<p>Physicians who specialize in allergy and immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are anemias?

<p>Deficiency in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin within red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of anemia? (Select all that apply)

<p>Tachycardia (B), Slight fever (C), Paleness (pallor) (D), Weakness (E), Low blood pressure (hypotension) (F), Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is allergy?

<p>Acquired abnormal immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a treatment for allergy?

<p>Desensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an autoimmune disease?

<p>Failure of the body to distinguish between &quot;self&quot; and &quot;non-self&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is leukemia?

<p>Oncological disorder of blood and blood forming organs, and is characterized by overgrowth (proliferation) of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of leukemia? (Select all that apply)

<p>Chronic (A), Acute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the treatments for leukemia? (Select all that apply)

<p>Chemotherapy (A), Radiation (B), Biological therapy (C), Bone marrow transplant (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

<p>Infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that destroys the CD4 (helper T) cells of the immune system to such an extent that the patient falls victim to infections that usually do not affect healthy individuals (opportunistic infections)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are coagulation disorders?

<p>Any disruption or impairment in the ability to form blood clots or control bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of coagulation disorders? (Select all that apply)

<p>Thrombocytopenia (A), Hemophilia (B), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

<p>Abnormal blood clotting in small vessels throughout the body that cuts off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues, resulting in damage to body organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hemophilia?

<p>Congenital hereditary disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII (hemophilia A) or clotting factor IX (hemophilia B), resulting in prolonged bleeding; also called bleeder's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Thrombocytopenia?

<p>Abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels, spleen, or liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is graft rejection?

<p>Process in which a recipient's immune system identifies the transplanted graft as &quot;foreign&quot; and attacks or destroys it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host-disease?

<p>Complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against recipient's organs that can be severe enough to cause death</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hemoglobinopathy?

<p>Any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is infectious mononucleosis?

<p>Acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that primarily affects young adults and children and causes fatigue, malaise, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy of the neck or armpits; also called mono and kissing disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kaposi sarcoma?

<p>Cancer caused by the human herpes virus 8 that mainly affects the skin and mucous membranes but may also cause extensive visceral organ involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lymphedema?

<p>Swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of lymphoma? (Select all that apply)

<p>Hodgkin's (B), Non-Hodgkin's (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis

development and maturation of blood cells

Blood

connective tissue composed of plasma

Erythrocytes

red blood cells, live about 120 days, contains hemoglobin

Erythropoiesis

development of red blood cells

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Leukocytes

white blood cell, protect body against invasion of bacteria and foreign substances

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diapedesis

white blood cells that migrate through the endothelial walls of capillaries and venules and enter tissue spaces

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leukopoiesis

production of white blood cells

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Granulocytes

most abundant type of leukocyte, contains granules in their cytoplasm

Signup and view all the flashcards

3 types of Granulocytes

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neutrophil

most numerous circulating type of leukocyte, phagocytosis that devours bacteria, appears at a site of injury or infection

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eosinophil

protect the body by releasing substances that can neutralize toxic compounds and increases during allergic reactions and parasite infections

Signup and view all the flashcards

Basophil

releases histamines and heparin when tissue is damaged

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Histamine

increases blood flow

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Heparin

prevents blood from clotting

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Agranulocytes

arise in bone marrow from stem cells

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2 types of Agranulocytes

monocytes and lymphocytes

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Monocyte

mildly phagocytic when found in blood vessels, transform into macrophages at sites of inflammation

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Lymphocytes

includes B and T cells and natural killer cells

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B cells

humoral and antibody immunity

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T cells

cellular immunity, main defense system

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Active immunity

memory B and T cells are able to recall how it previously responded to an antigen

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Phagocytosis

the process by which macrophages engulf and destroy microorganisms, cell debris, and foreign antigens

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Thrombocytes

cell fragments found in blood (platelets), initiate blood clotting

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Thrombopoiesis

development of platelets

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Plasma

liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended

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Antigen

a marker on the surface of cell that identifies the cell as self or non-self

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Antibody

protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of antigen

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Study Notes

Blood and Lymphatic System

  • Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis: Development and maturation of blood cells.
  • Blood: Connective tissue composed of plasma.
  • Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells): Live ~120 days, contain hemoglobin, crucial for oxygen transport.
  • Erythropoiesis: Production of red blood cells.
  • Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): Protect against bacteria and foreign substances.
  • Diapedesis: White blood cells migrating through capillary walls into tissues.
  • Leukopoiesis: Production of white blood cells.
  • Granulocytes: Most abundant leukocytes, contain granules in their cytoplasm.
    • 3 Types: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils.
    • Neutrophils: Most numerous, phagocytic (engulf and destroy bacteria), appear at injury/infection sites.
    • Eosinophils: Protect against toxins and increase in allergies/parasite infections.
    • Basophils: Release histamine (increases blood flow) and heparin (prevents clotting).
  • Agranulocytes: Arise from bone marrow stem cells.
    • 2 Types: Monocytes and Lymphocytes.
    • Monocytes: Mildly phagocytic in blood vessels; transform into macrophages at inflammation sites.
    • Lymphocytes: Include B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.
      • B Cells: Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity.
      • T Cells: Cell-mediated immunity; key defense system.
      • Active Immunity: Body's ability to recall and respond to specific pathogens due to memory cells.
  • Phagocytosis: Process where macrophages engulf and destroy pathogens, debris.
  • Thrombocytes (Platelets): Cell fragments that initiate blood clotting.
  • Thrombopoiesis: Production of platelets.
  • Plasma: Liquid portion of blood, suspends blood cells.
  • Antigen: Marker on a cell surface identifying it as "self" or "non-self".
  • Antibody: Protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to antigens.
  • Blood Types: A, B, AB, O.
  • Lymphatic Vessels: Transport system for lymph.
  • Lymph System Function: Maintains fluid balance, transports lipids, filters lymph (removes waste).
  • Blood Capillaries: Exchange fluids with tissues.
  • Lymph Capillaries: Collect fluid (lymph) from tissues and return it to blood.
  • Lymph Nodes: Filter lymph; sites for immune cell activity (macrophages, T and B cells).
  • Spleen: Filter; removes damaged cells, bacteria.
  • Thymus Gland: Develops T cells of the immune system.
  • Tonsils: Lymphatic tissue protecting the upper respiratory tract from pathogens.
  • Nonspecific Defenses (Innate Immunity): General defenses against pathogens.
    • First-Line Barriers: Skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, gastric acids.
    • Second-Line Barriers: Phagocytic cells, NK cells, inflammation.
  • Specific Defenses (Acquired/Adaptive Immunity): Respond to specific pathogens.
  • Immunity: Body's resistance to pathogens or their products.
  • Acquired Immune Response: Body's ability to recognize and destroy specific pathogens upon repeated exposure.
  • Medical Terminology Prefixes: List of prefixes (aden/o, agglutin/o, blast/o, chrom/o, erythr/o, granul/o, hem/o...).
  • Medical Terminology Suffixes: List of suffixes (penia, phil, -phylaxis,...).
  • Hematology: Study of blood and blood-forming tissues.
  • Hematologist: Physician specializing in hematology.
  • Allergy and Immunology: Study of the immune system.
  • Allergist/Immunologist: Physician specializing in allergies and immunology.
  • Anemias: Deficiencies in red blood cells, or hemoglobin.
  • Anemia Symptoms: Dyspnea, weakness, tachycardia, pallor, hypotension, fever.
  • Allergies: Abnormal immune response.
  • Allergy Symptoms: Hives, eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, anaphylactic shock.
  • Allergy Treatments: Desensitization.
  • Autoimmune Diseases: Body attacks self-tissue.
  • Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming cells.
  • Leukemia Types: Chronic, Acute.
  • Leukemia Treatment: Chemotherapy, radiation, biological therapy, bone marrow transplant.
  • AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): HIV infection weakens immune system.
  • Coagulation Disorders: Problems with blood clotting.
    • DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation): Widespread clotting in small vessels.
    • Hemophilia: Hereditary clotting factor deficiency.
    • Thrombocytopenia: Low platelet count.
  • Graft Rejection: Immune system attacks transplanted tissue.
  • Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Transplant cells attack recipient's tissues.
  • Hemoglobinopathy: Disorders associated with abnormal hemoglobin.
  • Infectious Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr virus infection.
  • Kaposi Sarcoma: Cancer related to human herpes virus.
  • Lymphedema: Lymph accumulation in tissues.
  • Lymphoma: Cancer of immune system cells (lymphocytes).
  • Lymphoma Types: Hodgkin's, Non-Hodgkin's.

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Test your knowledge on the blood and lymphatic system, including the development and functions of blood cells. This quiz covers essential concepts such as hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and the role of various leukocytes. Get ready to deepen your understanding of this vital body system!

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