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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?
What is the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?
- Immune response
- Gas transport (correct)
- Nutrient absorption
- Clot formation
Which vein is generally considered the most accessible for venipuncture?
Which vein is generally considered the most accessible for venipuncture?
- Median cubital vein (correct)
- Basilic vein
- Radial vein
- Cephalic vein
In which part of the circulatory system does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide primarily occur?
In which part of the circulatory system does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide primarily occur?
- Veins
- Capillaries (correct)
- Aorta
- Arteries
What is the role of the right ventricle in the heart?
What is the role of the right ventricle in the heart?
What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?
What is the role of potassium heparin in blood collection?
What is the role of potassium heparin in blood collection?
What is the standard concentration of isopropyl alcohol in alcohol pads?
What is the standard concentration of isopropyl alcohol in alcohol pads?
What potential issue arises from collecting blood into an SST tube before sodium citrate?
What potential issue arises from collecting blood into an SST tube before sodium citrate?
What does a light-green-stoppered blood collection tube contain?
What does a light-green-stoppered blood collection tube contain?
What is the primary function of the left atrium in the human heart?
What is the primary function of the left atrium in the human heart?
What term describes the final step in the process that leads to the dissolution of a blood clot?
What term describes the final step in the process that leads to the dissolution of a blood clot?
Which of the following statements accurately describes hemostasis?
Which of the following statements accurately describes hemostasis?
What is the main role of valves found in the veins?
What is the main role of valves found in the veins?
In clinical practice, what is the preferred anatomical term for the area located at the back of the hand?
In clinical practice, what is the preferred anatomical term for the area located at the back of the hand?
What is the role of the brachial artery in the circulatory system?
What is the role of the brachial artery in the circulatory system?
Which of the following statements correctly describes veins?
Which of the following statements correctly describes veins?
During coagulation, what is the main function of fibrinolysis?
During coagulation, what is the main function of fibrinolysis?
What role does the left atrium serve in the heart?
What role does the left atrium serve in the heart?
Which chamber of the heart is essential for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body?
Which chamber of the heart is essential for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body?
How high should a tourniquet be applied above the antecubital on a patient's arm?
How high should a tourniquet be applied above the antecubital on a patient's arm?
Which color tube is used to collect a complete metabolic panel (CMP)?
Which color tube is used to collect a complete metabolic panel (CMP)?
What is the anticoagulant additive found in a lavender stopper evacuated blood collection tube?
What is the anticoagulant additive found in a lavender stopper evacuated blood collection tube?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the lab tests ordered: CBC, complete metabolic panel, PT, and total?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the lab tests ordered: CBC, complete metabolic panel, PT, and total?
What is the function of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in blood collection?
What is the function of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in blood collection?
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Study Notes
Blood Components
- Blood consists of three main cell types: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets).
- Platelets are essential for blood clotting and are crucial in the hemostasis process.
Venipuncture Techniques
- The median cubital vein is the preferred site for blood collection due to its prominence and accessibility.
- If no veins can be found in the arms, phlebotomists may check the dorsal arch on the back of the hand.
Circulatory System
- Gas exchange occurs in the capillaries, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and tissues.
- The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Heart Anatomy
- The heart has four chambers: the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps this oxygen-rich blood to the body.
- The tricuspid valve prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
Hemostasis and Coagulation
- Hemostasis refers to the process of stopping blood flow, which includes clot formation. The final hemostatic step is called fibrinolysis, where clots dissolve and blood vessels repair.
- Fibrinolysis is critical for maintaining normal blood flow and preventing excessive clotting.
Blood Collection Procedures
- When drawing blood, a tourniquet should be applied 3-4 inches above the antecubital area to engorge the veins for easier access.
- Blood collection tubes come in various colors that indicate different additives:
- Lavender tubes contain ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
- Gray tubes contain potassium oxalate or sodium fluoride, while light-green tubes contain sodium, lithium, or ammonium heparin.
Blood Sample Handling
- Collecting blood into an SST tube before sodium citrate can lead to contamination of coagulation specimens, affecting test results.
- Alcohol pads typically contain 70% isopropyl alcohol, a common antiseptic used prior to venipuncture.
Important Notes
- During blood circulation, veins return blood to the heart, while arteries transport blood away from the heart.
- Understanding the role of valves in veins is critical; they prevent blood from flowing backwards, ensuring proper circulation.
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