Cardiovascular
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Questions and Answers

Which factor influences circulation by affecting the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

  • Osmotic & Ion Balance
  • Bohr Effect (correct)
  • Haldane Effect
  • Thermoregulation

    • What is the significance of Bohr & Root Shifts in relation to hemoglobin?

  • They control the heart's pumping action
  • They are related to the structure of gills
  • They affect the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen (correct)
  • They regulate nutrient uptake and delivery

    • What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to waste?

  • Waste Removal (e.g. CO2, Urea, NH3) (correct)
  • Oxygen Delivery
  • Immunity
  • Nutrient Uptake and Delivery

    • What is the structure that is in-line after the heart in the circulatory system of fish?

    <p>Gill (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

    <p>Pump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Haldane Effect refer to?

    <p>The increased affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide in the presence of low oxygen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the cardiac performance in the circulatory system?

    <p>Heart Rate, Stroke Volume, Cardiac Output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to nutrient uptake?

    <p>Nutrient Uptake and Delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to communication?

    <p>Hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to thermoregulation?

    <p>High heat capacitance of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the oxygen transport cascade in the circulatory system?

    <p>ΔPO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to damage/repair?

    <p>Damage/Repair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased temperature on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity?

    <p>Lower hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fish species lacks hemoglobin and has adaptations for a low metabolic rate?

    <p>Crocodile Ice Fish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of decreased pH on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor leads to an exaggerated Bohr Effect and decreased hemoglobin-oxygen carrying capacity?

    <p>Root Effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fish species has monomeric hemoglobin when oxygenated, similar to myoglobin?

    <p>Lampreys and Hagfish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of organic phosphates on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity?

    <p>Lower hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fish species possesses an epigonal organ near the gonads for blood cell maturation?

    <p>Teleosts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting hemoglobin-oxygen affinity during hypoxia and warm, stagnant water?

    <p>Low P50 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fish species inhabits cold waters and possesses a high oxygen affinity haplotype?

    <p>Arctic Cod (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increased PCO2 or decreased pH on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity?

    <p>Rightward shift of the dissociation curve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fish species has an organ called the Leydig organ in the esophagus for blood cell maturation?

    <p>Sharks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in response to temperature changes?

    <p>Temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that follows the atrium in the fish circulatory system?

    <p>Ventricle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the fish heart lacks conducting fibers, allowing atria to completely empty?

    <p>Sinoatrial region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which fish species is the bulbous arteriosus non-contractile and has a single bulbal valve?

    <p>Teleosts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of myocardium found in the ventricular walls of the fish heart?

    <p>Dense compact myocardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which fish species are the coronaries well developed and associated with active fishes and elasmobranchs?

    <p>Sharks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the electrical signal for the fish heart initiated?

    <p>Sinoatrial region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish heart filling is biphasic in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Shark (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bulbous arteriosus in the fish circulatory system?

    <p>To deliver more continuous flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of myocardium found in the universal inner layer of the fish heart?

    <p>Spongy myocardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the fish heart lacks conducting fibers, allowing atria to completely empty?

    <p>Sinoatrial region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which fish species is the conus arteriosus contractile and features conal valves?

    <p>Lampreys &amp; elasmobranchs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fish species has a well-developed coronary artery and dense compact myocardium in the ventricular walls?

    <p>Elasmobranchs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting stroke volume (SVH)?

    <p>Inotropic effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing cardiac filling pressure and venous return?

    <p>Skeletal muscle pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the intrinsic heart rate (fH) in fish?

    <p>Blocking both adrenergic and cholinergic receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to an increase in stroke volume (SVH) through the Frank-Starling mechanism?

    <p>Greater ventricular filling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences cardiac performance by affecting the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

    <p>Temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of epinephrine on cardiac contractility?

    <p>Increases contractility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting cardiac output during endurance swimming?

    <p>Mainly greater SVH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to a decrease in cardiac output (Q) during moderate hypoxia?

    <p>Decreased heart rate (fH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing the development of force in the cardiac muscle at a given resting fiber length?

    <p>Contractility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting venous return and cardiac filling pressure through vis-a-fronte forces (in front-PULL)?

    <p>Aspiration filling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences cardiac output by affecting the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen in response to temperature changes?

    <p>Temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to a decrease in cardiac output (Q) during severe hypoxia?

    <p>Decreased heart rate (fH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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