48 Questions
Which factor influences circulation by affecting the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?
Bohr Effect
What is the significance of Bohr & Root Shifts in relation to hemoglobin?
They affect the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to waste?
Waste Removal (e.g. CO2, Urea, NH3)
What is the structure that is in-line after the heart in the circulatory system of fish?
Gill
What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?
Pump
What does the Haldane Effect refer to?
The increased affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide in the presence of low oxygen levels
What influences the cardiac performance in the circulatory system?
Heart Rate, Stroke Volume, Cardiac Output
What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to nutrient uptake?
Nutrient Uptake and Delivery
What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to communication?
Hormones
What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to thermoregulation?
High heat capacitance of water
What is the significance of the oxygen transport cascade in the circulatory system?
ΔPO2
What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to damage/repair?
Damage/Repair
What is the effect of increased temperature on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity?
Lower hemoglobin-oxygen affinity
Which fish species lacks hemoglobin and has adaptations for a low metabolic rate?
Crocodile Ice Fish
What is the consequence of decreased pH on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity?
Decreased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity
Which factor leads to an exaggerated Bohr Effect and decreased hemoglobin-oxygen carrying capacity?
Root Effect
Which fish species has monomeric hemoglobin when oxygenated, similar to myoglobin?
Lampreys and Hagfish
What is the effect of organic phosphates on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity?
Lower hemoglobin-oxygen affinity
Which fish species possesses an epigonal organ near the gonads for blood cell maturation?
Teleosts
What is the primary factor affecting hemoglobin-oxygen affinity during hypoxia and warm, stagnant water?
Low P50
Which fish species inhabits cold waters and possesses a high oxygen affinity haplotype?
Arctic Cod
What is the consequence of increased PCO2 or decreased pH on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity?
Rightward shift of the dissociation curve
Which fish species has an organ called the Leydig organ in the esophagus for blood cell maturation?
Sharks
What is the primary factor affecting hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in response to temperature changes?
Temperature
What is the structure that follows the atrium in the fish circulatory system?
Ventricle
Which region of the fish heart lacks conducting fibers, allowing atria to completely empty?
Sinoatrial region
In which fish species is the bulbous arteriosus non-contractile and has a single bulbal valve?
Teleosts
What is the primary type of myocardium found in the ventricular walls of the fish heart?
Dense compact myocardium
In which fish species are the coronaries well developed and associated with active fishes and elasmobranchs?
Sharks
Where is the electrical signal for the fish heart initiated?
Sinoatrial region
Which type of fish heart filling is biphasic in the cardiac cycle?
Shark
What is the function of the bulbous arteriosus in the fish circulatory system?
To deliver more continuous flow
What is the primary type of myocardium found in the universal inner layer of the fish heart?
Spongy myocardium
Which region of the fish heart lacks conducting fibers, allowing atria to completely empty?
Sinoatrial region
In which fish species is the conus arteriosus contractile and features conal valves?
Lampreys & elasmobranchs
Which fish species has a well-developed coronary artery and dense compact myocardium in the ventricular walls?
Elasmobranchs
What is the primary factor affecting stroke volume (SVH)?
Inotropic effects
What is the primary factor influencing cardiac filling pressure and venous return?
Skeletal muscle pump
What determines the intrinsic heart rate (fH) in fish?
Blocking both adrenergic and cholinergic receptors
What leads to an increase in stroke volume (SVH) through the Frank-Starling mechanism?
Greater ventricular filling
Which factor influences cardiac performance by affecting the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?
Temperature
What is the primary effect of epinephrine on cardiac contractility?
Increases contractility
What is the primary factor affecting cardiac output during endurance swimming?
Mainly greater SVH
What leads to a decrease in cardiac output (Q) during moderate hypoxia?
Decreased heart rate (fH)
What is the primary factor influencing the development of force in the cardiac muscle at a given resting fiber length?
Contractility
What is the primary factor affecting venous return and cardiac filling pressure through vis-a-fronte forces (in front-PULL)?
Aspiration filling
What influences cardiac output by affecting the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen in response to temperature changes?
Temperature
What leads to a decrease in cardiac output (Q) during severe hypoxia?
Decreased heart rate (fH)
Test your knowledge of blood and circulation with this quiz covering topics such as hemoglobins, heart structure and function, factors influencing circulation, and the significance of Bohr and Root shifts in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport.
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