Blockchain in Distributed Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a common problem associated with a centralized system?

  • Single point of failure (correct)
  • Decentralization of power
  • Increased data security
  • Enhanced efficiency

In a centralized system like the banking system, who provides the official sequence of transactions and account balances?

  • Government
  • Bank (correct)
  • Private companies
  • Customers

What is one advantage of a client-server network model in computing?

  • Reduced data security
  • Increased decentralization
  • Efficiency in data access (correct)
  • Higher concentration of power

Which term describes the concept that a centralized authority can easily manipulate the current state by changing the past state?

<p>Concentration of power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of a centralized system makes it vulnerable to complete system failure?

<p>Single point of failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the success node in the blockchain network described?

<p>Collect new transactions into a block (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nodes in the blockchain network express acceptance of a new block?

<p>Broadcast the hash of the block (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can an adversary achieve by executing a double-spending attack in the blockchain network?

<p>Stealing Bitcoins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the blockchain network decrease the probability of double-spending with more confirmations?

<p>By exponentially reducing the probability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of protecting against invalid transactions in the blockchain network described?

<p>Cryptographic enforcements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enables Bob and Alice to agree on the state of the system in a distributed manner?

<p>Blockchain technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of blockchain, what does a block consist of?

<p>Sequence of hash-chained records (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the consequence of having a single trusted entity controlling the state of a blockchain system?

<p>Increased risk of compromise and control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is past data protected in a blockchain once new records are added?

<p>Past records become immutable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using blockchain in transactions between Alice and Bob?

<p>To agree on the state of their transaction system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a cryptographic Hash-function in ensuring the integrity of data?

<p>Guaranteeing the integrity of data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Bitcoins, what is the significance of distributed consensus?

<p>Ensuring all nodes agree on the state of the ledger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key technical challenge faced by decentralized e-cash like Bitcoin?

<p>Validating transactions and new blocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two key properties of a distributed consensus protocol in a blockchain network?

<p>All honest nodes agree on the same value and must be proposed by an honest node (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a cryptographic Hash-function contribute to maintaining the integrity of data in a blockchain system?

<p>Guaranteeing that it is infeasible to find collisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some key requirements for online cash, according to the text?

<p>Protection against double-spending, Anonymity, Offline functionality, Real value, Decentralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of bootstrapping an online cash system that satisfies specific requirements?

<p>It requires a clever combination of cryptographic primitives and computing paradigms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Bitcoin and traditional banking systems in terms of control?

<p>Bitcoin is controlled by the network, while traditional banking systems are controlled by a central authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using Bitcoin over traditional banking systems in terms of fees?

<p>Lower fees are typically associated with Bitcoin transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Bitcoin transactions differ in terms of security compared to traditional banking systems?

<p>Bitcoin transactions offer higher security compared to traditional banking systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of distributed consensus in the context of blockchain networks?

<p>Distributed consensus enables nodes to agree on the state of the system in a decentralized manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of a decentralized database in the context of blockchain technology.

<p>A decentralized database in blockchain technology means that the data is spread across multiple entities, with no single owner or controller, ensuring no central point of failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how a blockchain network maintains the chronological order of transactions.

<p>Blockchain chains blocks in chronological order by cryptographically linking each block to the previous one using hash functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a blockchain public ledger in a P2P network?

<p>The blockchain public ledger keeps a shared record of all transactions across a vast network of users without the need for a central authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the blockchain network decreases the probability of double-spending.

<p>The blockchain network decreases the probability of double-spending by requiring multiple confirmations from different nodes before considering a transaction valid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a decentralized e-cash system like Bitcoin?

<p>The main advantage of a decentralized e-cash system like Bitcoin is that it eliminates the need for intermediaries, allowing for peer-to-peer transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nodes in a blockchain network express acceptance of a new block?

<p>Nodes in a blockchain network express acceptance of a new block by validating its transactions and adding it to their own local copy of the blockchain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of recording transactions in a new block in the blockchain every X minutes.

<p>It ensures that the transaction history is permanently recorded and secured against tampering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does blockchain technology contribute to ensuring the integrity of patient data in healthcare applications?

<p>Electronic medical records stored in a blockchain can be accessed and updated via biometrics, democratizing patient data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how blockchain facilitates decentralized energy transfer and distribution in the energy sector.

<p>Microtransactions of data sent to the blockchain are validated and re-dispersed to the grid, ensuring secure payments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of blockchain in providing transparency in supply chain management.

<p>By utilizing a distributed ledger, companies gain visibility into shipment tracking, deliveries, and progress among suppliers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how blockchain technology can be utilized in government applications.

<p>Blockchain offers promise in storing personal identity information, criminal backgrounds, and 'e-citizenship' authorized by biometrics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cryptocurrencies relate to the concept of blockchain technology?

<p>Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin utilize blockchain as a decentralized ledger for recording transactions and maintaining transparency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three properties that a cryptographic Hash-function satisfies?

<p>Message Digest, Preimage Resistant, Collision Resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Bitcoin, what is the main focus of the chapter?

<p>Decentralization aspects such as ledger maintenance, transaction validation authority, new bitcoins creation, rules change determination, and exchange value acquisition of bitcoins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key technical challenge faced by decentralized e-cash like Bitcoin?

<p>Distributed Consensus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define distributed consensus in the context of blockchain technology.

<p>A protocol where all honest nodes agree on the same value, proposed by an honest node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two properties that a distributed consensus protocol must have?

<p>Termination and agreement by all honest nodes on the same value proposed by an honest node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of distributed consensus in the context of Bitcoins?

<p>It ensures that all nodes agree on the state of the ledger and validate transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reward for mining the first block of bitcoins ever in 2009?

<p>50 bitcoins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which individual made the first documented real-world transaction using Bitcoin in 2010?

<p>Laszlo Hanyecz</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the leading Bitcoin exchange based in Tokyo, Japan, in December 2013?

<p>Mt.Gox</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept in digital technologies do centralized and decentralized paradigms represent?

<p>Centralization vs. decentralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Bitcoin, what was the significance of the 2008 white paper released by Satoshi Nakamoto?

<p>Announced the vision for a decentralized digital currency</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which digital currency, released in 1998, served as a precursor to Bitcoin?

<p>BitGold</p> Signup and view all the answers

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