Blockchain and AI Overview

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Questions and Answers

What role does creativity play in optimization?

  • It generates new ideas when decisions are not specified. (correct)
  • It defines a clear set of actions.
  • It helps to identify performance metrics.
  • It simplifies complex judgment scenarios.

What distinguishes general AI from narrow AI?

  • General AI is capable of performing specific tasks.
  • General AI possesses human-like cognitive capabilities. (correct)
  • Narrow AI can tackle any unfamiliar task autonomously.
  • Narrow AI is not effective in real-world applications.

Which situation is an example of a complex judgment?

  • Swerve to avoid hitting a cyclist, risking hitting another vehicle. (correct)
  • Selecting a book to read for pleasure.
  • Choosing a meal at a restaurant.
  • Deciding whether to take a new job.

What is required for reasoning in the context of less-structured problems?

<p>The ability to think through various steps to achieve a goal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes narrow AI?

<p>Its specific, task-focused functionality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can large language models not fully perform reasoning tasks?

<p>They lack a diverse set of goals to incorporate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does optimization involve?

<p>Finding the best of a clearly defined set of decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a decision as an 'idea'?

<p>A creative option when decisions are not well-defined. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who released the Bitcoin white paper in 2008?

<p>Satoshi Nakamoto (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the first Bitcoin block mined?

<p>Genesis Block (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Vitalik Buterin propose Ethereum?

<p>2013 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Ethereum compared to Bitcoin?

<p>To act as a decentralized platform for smart contracts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event occurred in 2016 related to the DAO on the Ethereum blockchain?

<p>A hack resulting in stolen funds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two separate chains created after the hard fork of Ethereum?

<p>ETH and ETC (B), Ethereum and Ethereum Classic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant funding method rose in popularity in 2017 due to blockchain?

<p>Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes Ethereum from Bitcoin's blockchain?

<p>Capability of supporting smart contracts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms?

<p>They utilize Ethereum's smart contracts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did JPMorgan create to signal its interest in blockchain technology?

<p>JPM Coin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innovation did Ethereum start to implement to enhance its energy efficiency?

<p>Ethereum 2.0 with proof-of-stake. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology has gained traction for representing ownership of digital assets?

<p>Non-fungible tokens (NFTs). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant development occurred in the field of pattern recognition around 2010?

<p>Use of deep neural networks and large datasets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of blockchain as a technology?

<p>It is a distributed database solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What focus has emerged in blockchain technology as it matures?

<p>Scalability solutions and blockchain interoperability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do large language models differ fundamentally from simple pattern recognition models?

<p>They can produce a range of outputs for a single query (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element of large language models contributes to their complexity in handling language problems?

<p>Substantial data preparation requirements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are exploring the potential of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)?

<p>China, the U.S., and the EU. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary benefit does blockchain technology promise to provide across various industries?

<p>Decentralized, secure, and transparent solutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about large language models like ChatGPT?

<p>They can learn new patterns independently after training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of deep neural networks has enhanced visibility in machine learning?

<p>Advancements in nonlinear modeling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of artificial general intelligence, what distinguishes large language models?

<p>They deal with unstructured problems in a broader context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do companies play in the development and performance of neural networks?

<p>They invest in training and guiding neural network behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was it necessary to reserve a separate level for large language models in machine learning?

<p>They have a unique training methodology compared to other models (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does a P2P network have as more clients join?

<p>It improves the network's performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended tip for using a P2P network?

<p>Increase centralized authority. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the 'transparency' pillar in blockchain technology?

<p>All transactions are visible on a public ledger. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of P2P networking utilizes sophisticated, internet-based connections?

<p>Advanced systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'immutability' in the context of blockchain technology?

<p>Once recorded, data cannot be altered or deleted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes artificial intelligence (AI)?

<p>It is the ability of machines to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of P2P network is characterized by a combination of features from both structured and unstructured networks?

<p>Hybrid networks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of the decentralized policy in P2P networks?

<p>Reduces the need for central authorities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of Blockchain technology in transactions?

<p>It provides a transparent and immutable public ledger. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Blockchain technology ensure data integrity?

<p>It cannot be modified or deleted after approval by all nodes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a blockchain from a traditional database?

<p>Blockchain is decentralized and data is collected in blocks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Bitcoin utilize Blockchain technology?

<p>It provides a decentralized environment for digital currency transactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nodes in the Blockchain system?

<p>They verify transactions and maintain a copy of the ledger. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applications can Blockchain technology support?

<p>Digital contracts and peer-to-peer data sharing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of decentralized blockchains contributes to their reputation for security?

<p>User anonymity and lack of control by a single entity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is data structured in a Blockchain?

<p>In blocks that are linked together via cryptography. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

P2P Network Performance

As more clients join, performance often improves due to shared resources.

Efficiency in P2P Networks

Designed for effective collaboration across devices with different resources.

Decentralization in Blockchain

Distributes data across nodes, removing central control.

Transparency in Blockchain

All transactions are visible in a public ledger, promoting trust.

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Immutability in Blockchain

Data recorded in the blockchain cannot be altered or deleted.

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Unstructured P2P Networks

Networks without a specific structure, usually peer-to-peer.

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Structured P2P Networks

Organized networks that connect peers in a defined way.

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AI Definition

Artificial intelligence is the capability of machines to perform tasks like humans.

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Blockchain

A decentralized and transparent system for recording transactions securely.

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Decentralization

Control of transactions is distributed among all users, not a single entity.

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Public Ledger

A record of all transactions that cannot be modified after approval.

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Data Integrity

The assurance that data is accurate and cannot be altered without consensus.

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Immutable

Data entered into the blockchain cannot be changed or deleted.

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Distributed System

Multiple copies of data are stored across various machines to ensure validity.

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Cryptography in Blockchain

Techniques used to secure data and link blocks in the blockchain.

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Bitcoin as a Blockchain Application

The first major cryptocurrency utilizing blockchain technology for transactions.

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Deep Neural Networks

Advanced neural networks that learn from large datasets for complex pattern recognition.

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Pattern Recognition

The ability of algorithms to identify and classify patterns in data.

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Satoshi Nakamoto

The anonymous creator of Bitcoin, who released the Bitcoin white paper in 2008.

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Machine Learning

A subset of AI that enables systems to learn from data without explicit programming.

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Bitcoin white paper

A document released in 2008 outlining Bitcoin's decentralized digital currency concept.

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Large Language Models (LLMs)

Deep neural networks designed for understanding and generating human language with complexity.

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Genesis block

The first block mined in the Bitcoin blockchain, marking the start of the Bitcoin network.

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Stochastic Response

Outputs that are probabilistic rather than deterministic, producing varied results from the same input.

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Proof-of-work

A consensus mechanism used by Bitcoin to validate transactions and secure the network.

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Data Preparation

The process of cleaning and organizing raw data for effective training of models.

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Ethereum

A decentralized platform created for running smart contracts and dApps, proposed by Vitalik Buterin in 2013.

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Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

A form of AI that understands, learns, and applies knowledge across various tasks, mimicking human intelligence.

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Training Datasets

Collections of data used to train machine learning models to recognize patterns and make predictions.

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DAO hack

A 2016 incident where a project built on Ethereum was hacked, leading to significant fund theft.

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Ethereum Classic

The original Ethereum chain that remained after the hard fork in 2016 following the DAO hack.

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Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs)

A popular method for fundraising using blockchain technology, which gained popularity in 2017.

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Decentralized Finance (DeFi)

Financial services using blockchain without traditional banks.

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Ethereum's Smart Contracts

Self-executing contracts with terms directly written into code.

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JPM Coin

A digital currency created by JPMorgan for transactions.

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Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

Unique digital assets representing ownership of items like art.

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Ethereum 2.0

An upgrade to Ethereum that changes from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake.

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Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)

Digital currencies issued by central banks using blockchain technology.

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Proof-of-Work vs. Proof-of-Stake

Consensus mechanisms; PoW needs computational power, PoS requires ownership stake.

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Creativity

The ability to generate new ideas or solutions when options are not clearly defined.

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Judgment

The process of making decisions in complex scenarios with conflicting outcomes.

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Reasoning

The ability to think through and logically connect steps to achieve an objective.

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Narrow AI

AI designed to perform specific tasks within a limited context.

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General AI

AI with human-like cognitive abilities to solve new and unfamiliar problems.

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Optimization

Finding the best decision from a clearly defined set using a performance metric.

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Performance Metric

A standard used to evaluate the success of different decisions or actions.

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Well-Structured Problems

Problems with clear metrics and defined solutions.

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Study Notes

Table of Contents

  • Table of Contents (Page 2)
  • History of Blockchain (Page 3)
  • Blockchain Explained (Page 6)
  • How Does Blockchain Work? (Page 6)
  • Why Do People Use Peer-to-Peer Networks? (Page 8)
  • The Three Main Pillars of Blockchain Technology (Page 11)
  • What is AI? (Page 12)
  • Need for AI (Page 13)
  • Major Goals of Artificial Intelligence (Page 14)
  • What Comprises Artificial Intelligence (Page 15)
  • Advantages of Artificial Intelligence (Page 17)
  • Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (Page 21)
  • History of Artificial Intelligence (Page 24)
  • Levels of AI (Page 25)
  • Types of AI (Page 31)
  • References (Page 33)

Blockchain

  • Blockchain technology's history spans decades, starting with cryptography in the 1980s.
  • In 1982, cryptographer David Chaum introduced blind signatures, a method important for digital currency and privacy.
  • In 1991, Haber and Stornetta proposed timestamping digital documents, a precursor to blockchain's decentralized ledger concept.
  • Satoshi Nakamoto released the Bitcoin whitepaper in 2008, outlining a revolutionary decentralized digital currency based on a distributed ledger (Blockchain).
  • The first Bitcoin block (genesis block) launched the Bitcoin network in January 2009.

Artificial Intelligence

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.
  • AI applications include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, and machine vision.
  • Key programming languages for AI include Python, R, Java, C++, and Julia.
  • AI is impacting many industries, from healthcare to finance to transportation.

Advantages of Artificial Intelligence

  • AI reduces human error, leading to greater accuracy and precision in tasks.
  • AI enhances decision-making by analyzing large datasets to identify patterns.
  • AI eliminates many risks humans face in tasks, such as handling unsafe environments or repetitive tasks.
  • AI increases availability, functioning continuously without breaks or limitations.
  • AI offers digital assistance, ensuring seamless customer service.
  • AI facilitates automation of repetitive tasks and decision-making.
  • AI promotes more efficient and creative problem-solving.

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

  • AI often lacks the intrinsic creativity and emotional depth of humans.
  • AI may lack emotional intelligence and the capacity to navigate human emotions.
  • Over-reliance on AI can lead to human laziness and diminished decision-making skills in individuals and organizations.
  • Concerns about privacy and data security exist as AI systems handle vast amounts of data.
  • Risks to employment, particularly in routine jobs, due to automation by AI and related systems.
  • Unintended consequences of rapid technological advancement related to AI.
  • AI can create environmental issues due to the high energy consumption of AI systems.
  • AI may lack common sense or the ability to understand complex contextual situations.
  • Issues of interpretability and transparency of some AI systems, reducing trust and accountability.

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