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BLOCK A: Microbial Identification Part 1: Bacterial Identification and Phylogeny

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BLOCK A: Microbial Identification Part 1: Bacterial Identification and Phylogeny

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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which populations of bacteria genetically drift away from their parents, eventually leading to the recognition of a new species?

Vertical gene flow

How can genes be laterally transferred between bacteria through methods like plasmid exchange, bacteriophage transmission, and uptake of naked DNA?

Horizontal gene flow

What is the science that involves the classification of organisms based on their phenotypic characteristics like appearance, energy metabolism, and enzymes?

Taxonomy

What is the study that focuses on the evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms through genotypic analysis?

Phylogeny Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in identifying an unknown bacterium, involving the determination of its Gram stain characteristics?

Gram stain Signup and view all the answers

What system is used for naming prokaryotes, and how are species names written?

The binomial system is used for naming prokaryotes, where they are given a genus name and species epithet. Species names are written in italics, e.g., Streptomyces coelicolor or S. coelicolor, Escherichia coli or E. coli. Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the naming of bacteria, and where are validated taxa included?

The naming of bacteria is regulated by The International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, and validated taxa are included in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Signup and view all the answers

How is the concept of a species defined for prokaryotes, and what is the approximate similarity threshold for considering two strains as part of the same species?

For prokaryotes, a species is defined as a collection of similar strains that differ from other groups of strains based on several characteristics. An approximate similarity of 70% is considered enough to be classified as the same species. Signup and view all the answers

What is a genus, and how is it defined in relation to species?

A genus is a collection of different species, each sharing some major property that defines the genus. Species within a genus share less than 70% similarity but have shared main characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow the correct naming conventions and classification systems for microorganisms?

Following the correct naming conventions and classification systems for microorganisms is important to bring order out of chaos, organize microorganisms into a coherent and understandable system, and ensure consistency and clarity in communication among researchers. Signup and view all the answers