Bleeding Disorders: Causes and Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of a prolonged prothrombin time (PT)?

  • Acquired inhibitor of the extrinsic pathway
  • Deficiency of fibrinogen
  • Deficiency of von Willebrand factor (correct)
  • Deficiency of factor VII

A patient presents with a platelet count of 80,000/μL, easy bruising, and epistaxis that takes a long time to stop. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

  • Von Willebrand disease
  • Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (correct)
  • Hemophilia A
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Which of the following is the most common hereditary coagulation disorder?

  • Hemophilia A
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
  • Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
  • Von Willebrand disease (correct)

A patient has a normal platelet count, slightly prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and decreased von Willebrand factor antigen levels. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

<p>Von Willebrand disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of acquired coagulation disorders?

<p>Liver disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with excessive bleeding after a minor injury, prolonged nosebleeds, and heavy menstrual periods. Which laboratory test would be the most helpful in diagnosing the underlying condition?

<p>von Willebrand factor antigen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

<p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient has a normal platelet count, prolonged prothrombin time (PT), and prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Which of the following is the most likely cause?

<p>Vitamin K deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common symptom of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

<p>Petechiae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with known von Willebrand disease is scheduled for a surgical procedure. Which of the following treatments would be the most appropriate to prevent excessive bleeding?

<p>Desmopressin (DDAVP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathways is activated by negatively charged surfaces, such as polyphosphates?

<p>Intrinsic pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory test is used to evaluate the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways?

<p>Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of severe thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)?

<p>Prolonged bleeding from minor cuts or injuries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coagulation factor is deficient in von Willebrand disease, a common inherited bleeding disorder?

<p>von Willebrand factor (vWF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events marks the start of the common coagulation pathway, leading to the formation of cross-linked fibrin clots?

<p>Activation of factor X (FX) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of normal clotting is activated by TF released during vascular injury?

<p>Coagulation factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the intrinsic pathway, also known as the 'contact activation pathway'?

<p>Polyphosphates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor marks the start of the common coagulation pathway leading to cross-linked fibrin clot formation?

<p>Factor X (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not depicted in the schematic but is activated upon injury?

<p>Platelets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the conversion of inactive coagulation factors to their active form in the blood coagulation cascade?

<p>Enzymatic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antimalarial medications is known to be associated with the development of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

<p>Quinine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is taking the antiepileptic medication $carbamazepine$ and presents with easy bruising and prolonged nosebleeds. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these symptoms?

<p>Carbamazepine-induced thrombocytopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking the anti-inflammatory medication $ibuprofen$ presents with a low platelet count and petechial rash. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?

<p>Ibuprofen-induced thrombocytopenia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient develops thrombocytopenia and easy bruising after receiving the $pneumococcal vaccine$. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these symptoms?

<p>Vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenic purpura (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking the antiepileptic medication $phenytoin$ presents with a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these laboratory findings?

<p>Phenytoin-induced hepatic dysfunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking the antimycobacterial medication $rifampicin$ develops easy bruising and prolonged nosebleeds. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these symptoms?

<p>Rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking the antiepileptic medication $sodium valproate$ presents with a low platelet count and petechial rash. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?

<p>Sodium valproate-induced thrombocytopenia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient develops thrombocytopenia and easy bruising after receiving the $influenza vaccine$. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these symptoms?

<p>Vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenic purpura (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking the antimalarial medication $chloroquine$ presents with a normal platelet count but prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these laboratory findings?

<p>Chloroquine-induced hepatic dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking the antiepileptic medication $ethambutol$ develops easy bruising and prolonged nosebleeds. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these symptoms?

<p>Ethambutol-induced thrombocytopenia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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