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Questions and Answers
Which symptom is NOT associated with mania in bipolar disorder?
What is the medication traditionally used to treat bipolar disorder?
Which medication is specifically mentioned for maintenance therapy in bipolar disorder?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder?
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What must be maintained to avoid toxicity when taking lithium carbonate?
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Which medication may be prescribed for managing psychomotor agitation during mania?
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Which behavioral characteristic is NOT typical of individuals experiencing mania?
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What is a common delusion experienced during manic episodes?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended therapy for acute bipolar manic episodes?
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What type of speech is commonly observed during mania?
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Study Notes
Description of Bipolar Disorder
- Characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression, with periods of normal mood in between.
- Mania incidence includes symptoms such as rapid anger, inflated self-esteem, and constant boundary-pushing.
- Euphoria manifests as intense well-being with a lack of inhibition and distractibility by environmental stimuli.
- Common behaviors during mania involve grandiose delusions, significant weight loss due to decreased appetite, and sleep disturbances due to involvement in seemingly more important activities.
- Individuals may exhibit high energy levels, inappropriate affect, and unusual attire, often leading to socially disruptive behavior.
Symptoms of Mania
- Emotional symptoms include high and unstable moods, inappropriate expressions, and restlessness.
- Cognitive effects consist of racing thoughts and pressured speech, often described as "flight of ideas."
- Behavioral aspects include hyperactivity, sexual promiscuity, and urgent motor activity.
- Visual and qualitative details frequently highlight bizarre or vibrant dress and excessive makeup.
Symptoms of Depression
- Changes in appetite can either increase or decrease, coupled with diminished daily functioning and low energy.
- Common emotional symptoms include hopelessness, self-isolation, poor concentration, and decision-making difficulties.
- May experience psychomotor retardation, reduced sexual interest, and suicidal thoughts.
Treatment and Management
- Lithium carbonate is the traditional medication of choice, but necessitates serum level monitoring to prevent toxicity; requires stable sodium and fluid intake (2 to 3 liters daily).
- Alternative medications include valproic acid (Depakote) and carbamazepine (Tegretol) for both acute manic episode management and ongoing maintenance.
- Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is often utilized for long-term maintenance therapy.
- Antianxiety medications aid in mitigating manic psychomotor agitation but should be used cautiously in individuals with a history of substance abuse.
- Atypical antipsychotics, including olanzapine (Zyprexa), aripiprazole (Abilify), and risperidone (Risperdal), are effective for their sedative and mood-stabilizing properties.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the assessment criteria for bipolar disorder, particularly manic episodes. It includes symptoms such as delusional self-confidence and flight of ideas. Test your knowledge on recognizing and understanding the signs of mania.
