Bipolar Disorder Criteria Overview

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What is the minimum number of episodes required for a bipolar disorder diagnosis in ICD criteria?

  • One episode of mania
  • Two distinct episodes including one depressive episode
  • Two episodes (correct)
  • One episode of hypomania

Which type of bipolar disorder involves at least one episode of mania?

  • Bipolar 1 (correct)
  • Bipolar 2
  • Rapid cycling
  • Cyclothymia

What characterizes severe depression with psychosis as opposed to mild depressive episodes?

  • No delusions or hallucinations present
  • Delusions of worthlessness and guilt (correct)
  • Duration less than two weeks
  • Only mood congruent hallucinations

What is a common feature of rapid cycling in bipolar disorder?

<p>Experiencing four or more episodes per year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with bipolar disorder typically recover from an acute manic episode within one year?

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy is mentioned as having a reduction in symptoms, particularly early on in the illness?

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range at onset for bipolar disorder symptoms?

<p>15-19 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of non-pharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder?

<p>Psychoeducation about mood monitoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining factor of cyclothymia in relation to bipolar disorder?

<p>Mild hypomanic episodes with periods of depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with severe depression with psychosis?

<p>Delusions of worthlessness and guilt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with bipolar disorder are affected by rapid cycling?

<p>20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the prognosis typically characterized for individuals after an acute manic episode?

<p>Average 60% recurrence within two years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of delusions are associated with mania with psychotic symptoms?

<p>Mood congruent delusions of grandeur or persecution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily used to identify the median time from first symptom to treatment for bipolar disorder?

<p>Time from first manic episode to treatment initiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key non-pharmacological intervention in bipolar disorder treatment?

<p>Mood monitoring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the change in mood with rapid cycling in bipolar disorder?

<p>Four or more episodes per year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which variant of bipolar disorder do individuals experience low-grade cycling of mood that resembles a personality trait?

<p>Cyclothymia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approach focuses on sleep hygiene and managing stress in individuals with bipolar disorder?

<p>Psychoeducation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most commonly associated with severe depression and psychosis?

<p>Mood congruent hallucinations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported incidence rate of bipolar disorder in the UK?

<p>15 per 100,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the kindling effect observed in rapid cycling bipolar disorder?

<p>An increased number of episodes over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the median duration from the first symptom of bipolar disorder to treatment?

<p>10 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which delusions are specifically described as mood congruent in severe depression with psychosis?

<p>Delusions of persecution and worthlessness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder experience rates of recurrence within two years after a manic episode?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which variant of bipolar disorder is characterized by experiencing four or more episodes per year?

<p>Rapid cycling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described as a significant delay from first symptom onset to treatment in bipolar disorder?

<p>10 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of severe depression with psychosis?

<p>Mild hypomanic episodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cyclothymia differ from other forms of bipolar disorder?

<p>It encompasses mild hypomanic episodes without major depressive episodes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with bipolar disorder experiences recurrence within two years after a manic episode?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following themes is NOT considered a delusional theme in severe depression with psychosis?

<p>Alien control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of non-pharmacological treatment strategies for bipolar disorder?

<p>Psychoeducation covering stress management and relapse markers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the nature of hypomania in bipolar disorder?

<p>It is less severe than mania and does not require hospitalization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bipolar Disorder (DSM criteria)

A single episode of hypomania or mania is enough for diagnosis; Bipolar 1: mania, Bipolar 2: hypomania.

Hypomania

A less severe mood elevation than mania, lasting at least 4 days

Mania (definition)

A period of abnormally elevated mood, lasting at least 7 days, involving persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood.

Rapid Cycling Bipolar

Four or more mood episodes (manic, hypomanic, or depressive) per year.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cyclothymia

Recurrent mild hypomanic episodes with periods of depression that don't meet major depressive episode criteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bipolar 1 Epidemiology

Estimated prevalence of bipolar 1 disorder is approximately 1%.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

6% of individuals possibly fit the criteria for bipolar disorder spectrum

Signup and view all the flashcards

Median Time to Treatment

A person with bipolar disorder may take about 10 years between the first symptom to actually receiving treatment

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bipolar 1 vs. Bipolar 2

Bipolar 1 requires at least one manic episode, while Bipolar 2 requires at least one hypomanic episode.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mania with Psychotic Symptoms

Mania accompanied by delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations (false perceptions) that are consistent with the elevated mood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Severe Depressive Episode with Psychosis

A major depressive episode with delusions and hallucinations, often themes of worthlessness, guilt, or persecution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lithium Treatment Risks

Lithium, commonly used for bipolar disorder, can increase the risks of self-harm and suicidal thoughts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychoeducation for Bipolar

Educating individuals about bipolar disorder to enhance self-management, including sleep hygiene, relapse markers identification, stress management, and mood monitoring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prognosis for Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is often diagnosed years after the first symptoms appear, with a high rate of recurrence, but many individuals achieve recovery within a year.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What differentiates Bipolar 1 from Bipolar 2?

The presence of at least one manic episode in Bipolar 1 and at least one hypomanic episode in Bipolar 2.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rapid Cycling

Four or more mood episodes (manic, hypomanic, or depressive) per year.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are mood congruent delusions?

Delusions (false beliefs) that align with the person's current mood state, like feeling grandiose or persecuted during mania.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Treatment for Acute Bipolar Episode

Focuses on stabilizing mood and reducing symptoms, typically including medication like mood stabilizers or antipsychotics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lithium - Side Effects

Commonly used for bipolar disorder, lithium can increase the risks of self-harm and suicidal thoughts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Bipolar Disorder Criteria

  • DSM: A single episode of hypomania or mania is enough for a bipolar diagnosis.
    • Bipolar 1: At least one manic episode.
    • Bipolar 2: At least one hypomanic episode.
  • ICD: Requires at least two episodes for diagnosis.

Hypomania and Mania

  • Hypomania: A less severe form of mania.
  • Mania: A more severe state with elevated mood, energy, and activity.

Mania with Psychotic Symptoms

  • Characterized by mood-congruent delusions (e.g., grandeur, persecution) and hallucinations (e.g., second-person hallucinations).

Depressive Episodes

  • Mild depressive episode: Depressed mood lasting at least two weeks.
  • Severe depressive episode: Depressed mood for at least two weeks.
  • Severe depression with psychosis: Includes mood-congruent delusions and hallucinations, often related to themes like worthlessness, guilt, ill-health, poverty, or persecution. May include auditory (second-person), olfactory (rotting flesh/filth) hallucinations. Can manifest as depressive stupor (lack of speech/movement). Severe cases can feature Cotard's syndrome (belief of being dead).

Bipolar Variants

  • Rapid cycling: Four or more mood episodes per year. Affects 20% of cases, more common in women, and tends to become more frequent (kindling effect).
  • Cyclothymia: History of mild hypomanic episodes alongside periods of depression that don't meet major depressive disorder criteria; characterized by a low-grade, cyclical mood pattern that appears as a personality trait.

Epidemiology

  • Bipolar 1: Approximately 1% prevalence.
  • Bipolar 2: Approximately 3% prevalence.
  • Bipolar spectrum: About 6% prevalence.
  • UK incidence: 15 cases per 100,000.
  • Increasing incidence in recent 20 years.
  • Average age at diagnosis is 15-19 (often with a 10-year diagnostic delay).

Aetiology (Causation)

  • Information about the causes of bipolar disorder is missing in the text.

Treatment - Acute Episode

  • Information missing.

Treatment - Maintenance

  • Information missing.

Lithium

  • Lithium is associated with potential self-harm and suicide risks.

Non-Pharmacological Treatments

  • Psychoeducation: Includes sleep hygiene, relapse marker identification, stress management, and mood monitoring.
  • CBT: Can reduce symptoms, but primarily in the early stages of the illness.

Prognosis

  • Recovery and Recurrence:
    • Median time from first symptom to treatment is 10 years.
    • 50% recovery from acute manic episodes within a year.
    • Recurrence rates average 60% within two years.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser