Biotransformation of Primary Amines Quiz

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What is the primary metabolic pathway for primary aliphatic amines involving the formation of carbonyl metabolites and ammonia?

N-dealkylation

N-oxidation

Oxidative deamination (correct)

N-hydroxylation

Which type of amines can undergo oxidative N-dealkylation and N-oxide formation according to the text?

Tertiary aromatic amines (correct)

Primary aliphatic amines

Tertiary aliphatic amines

Primary aromatic amines

What kind of products can result from the further oxidation of N-hydroxylamine according to the text?

Nitrone products (correct)

Nitroso and nitro products

Primary hydroxylamines

Carbonyl metabolites

What is the result of the process involving an initial α-carbon hydroxylation reaction followed by carbon-nitrogen cleavage?

Carbonyl metabolite and ammonia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amines can metabolize to their corresponding lactam derivatives?

Secondary alicyclic amines Signup and view all the answers

What are N-hydroxylamine metabolites susceptible to after being generated from secondary amines?

Spontaneous oxidation to nitrone derivatives Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves a direct oxidative deamination reaction?

Propranolol metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of oxidative N-dealkylation in nitrogen functionality metabolism?

Removal of alkyl groups from amines Signup and view all the answers

Why is N-dealkylation of the t-butyl group not possible via the carbinolamine pathway?

α-carbon hydroxylation cannot occur in the t-butyl group Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the unstable carbinolamine intermediate formed during oxidative N-dealkylation?

It breaks down into an aldehyde and a carbonyl moiety Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen-containing compounds are primarily involved in oxidative N-dealkylation?

Tertiary Aliphatic and Alicyclic Amines Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of the metabolic oxidation involving carbon–nitrogen, carbon–oxygen, and carbon–sulfur systems?

Cleavage of the carbon–heteroatom bond Signup and view all the answers

Which group is commonly found in many medicinal agents and is susceptible to mixed-function oxidation or alicyclic hydroxylation?

Cyclohexyl group Signup and view all the answers

What can enzymatic introduction of a hydroxyl group into a monosubstituted cyclohexane ring lead to?

Formation of cis and trans conformational stereoisomers Signup and view all the answers

In oxidative N-, O-, and S-dealkylation reactions, what happens to the resulting intermediate?

Decomposition with cleavage of the carbon–heteroatom bond Signup and view all the answers

What is a common metabolic pathway for alicyclic tertiary amines resulting in the formation of lactam metabolites?

α-carbon hydroxylation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amine is susceptible to oxidative N-dealkylation, oxidative deamination, and N-oxidation reactions according to the text?

Secondary amines Signup and view all the answers

What fate do some tertiary alicyclic amines face after undergoing oxidative N-dealkylation?

Oxidative N-oxidation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction leads to the formation of Noxide metabolites from tertiary amines according to the text?

<ul> <li>N-oxidation</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the metabolic fate of primary alcohol metabolites that are oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids according to the text?

They undergo further oxidation to form ketones Signup and view all the answers

In the metabolism of benzyl carbon atoms, what can secondary alcohols be converted into by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases?

Ketones Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome from the covalent binding of reactive intermediates formed from olefin-containing compounds on the heme portion of CYP?

Inhibition of oxidative drug metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the corresponding epoxide metabolites of olefinic compounds in cellular toxicity according to the text?

They are responsible for cellular toxicity Signup and view all the answers