Biotransformation of Primary Amines Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary metabolic pathway for primary aliphatic amines involving the formation of carbonyl metabolites and ammonia?

  • N-dealkylation
  • N-oxidation
  • Oxidative deamination (correct)
  • N-hydroxylation
  • Which type of amines can undergo oxidative N-dealkylation and N-oxide formation according to the text?

  • Tertiary aromatic amines (correct)
  • Primary aliphatic amines
  • Tertiary aliphatic amines
  • Primary aromatic amines
  • What kind of products can result from the further oxidation of N-hydroxylamine according to the text?

  • Nitrone products (correct)
  • Nitroso and nitro products
  • Primary hydroxylamines
  • Carbonyl metabolites
  • What is the result of the process involving an initial α-carbon hydroxylation reaction followed by carbon-nitrogen cleavage?

    <p>Carbonyl metabolite and ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amines can metabolize to their corresponding lactam derivatives?

    <p>Secondary alicyclic amines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are N-hydroxylamine metabolites susceptible to after being generated from secondary amines?

    <p>Spontaneous oxidation to nitrone derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves a direct oxidative deamination reaction?

    <p>Propranolol metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of oxidative N-dealkylation in nitrogen functionality metabolism?

    <p>Removal of alkyl groups from amines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is N-dealkylation of the t-butyl group not possible via the carbinolamine pathway?

    <p>α-carbon hydroxylation cannot occur in the t-butyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the unstable carbinolamine intermediate formed during oxidative N-dealkylation?

    <p>It breaks down into an aldehyde and a carbonyl moiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogen-containing compounds are primarily involved in oxidative N-dealkylation?

    <p>Tertiary Aliphatic and Alicyclic Amines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of the metabolic oxidation involving carbon–nitrogen, carbon–oxygen, and carbon–sulfur systems?

    <p>Cleavage of the carbon–heteroatom bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is commonly found in many medicinal agents and is susceptible to mixed-function oxidation or alicyclic hydroxylation?

    <p>Cyclohexyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can enzymatic introduction of a hydroxyl group into a monosubstituted cyclohexane ring lead to?

    <p>Formation of cis and trans conformational stereoisomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In oxidative N-, O-, and S-dealkylation reactions, what happens to the resulting intermediate?

    <p>Decomposition with cleavage of the carbon–heteroatom bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common metabolic pathway for alicyclic tertiary amines resulting in the formation of lactam metabolites?

    <p>α-carbon hydroxylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amine is susceptible to oxidative N-dealkylation, oxidative deamination, and N-oxidation reactions according to the text?

    <p>Secondary amines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fate do some tertiary alicyclic amines face after undergoing oxidative N-dealkylation?

    <p>Oxidative N-oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction leads to the formation of Noxide metabolites from tertiary amines according to the text?

    <ul> <li>N-oxidation</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolic fate of primary alcohol metabolites that are oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids according to the text?

    <p>They undergo further oxidation to form ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the metabolism of benzyl carbon atoms, what can secondary alcohols be converted into by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases?

    <p>Ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome from the covalent binding of reactive intermediates formed from olefin-containing compounds on the heme portion of CYP?

    <p>Inhibition of oxidative drug metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the corresponding epoxide metabolites of olefinic compounds in cellular toxicity according to the text?

    <p>They are responsible for cellular toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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