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Biotechnology: Principles, Processes, and Applications

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Biotechnology: Principles, Processes, and Applications

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Questions and Answers

What is the major utility of the biological world according to the text?

Source of food.

What is the focus of biotechnology according to the text?

Bringing qualitative improvement in health and food production.

Who is Herbert Boyer?

Herbert Boyer was born in 1936 and is a prominent figure in biotechnology.

What was the destiny of most young men in the corner of western Pennsylvania where Herbert Boyer was brought up?

Railroads and mines. Signup and view all the answers

Where did Herbert Boyer complete his graduate work?

University of Pittsburgh. Signup and view all the answers

What are 'sticky ends' in the context of DNA splicing?

Unpaired nucleotide sequences left at the ends of DNA strands after cutting by restriction enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What did the whole approach to understanding natural phenomena become, especially in the context of human knowledge?

Anthropocentric. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the two scientists involved in the breakthrough that led to the foundation of biotechnology?

Boyer and Cohen Signup and view all the answers

What are plasmids and how were they used in the breakthrough of biotechnology?

Small ringlets of DNA that replicate independently from the coding strand of DNA. They were removed from cells and reinserted into other cells to recombine DNA segments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis upon which the discipline of biotechnology was founded?

The breakthrough involving the recombination of DNA segments and the insertion of DNA in bacterial cells for protein production. Signup and view all the answers

How does the European Federation of Biotechnology define biotechnology?

As the integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two core techniques that enabled the birth of modern biotechnology?

Genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a microbe-mediated process that could be considered a form of biotechnology.

Making curd, bread, or wine Signup and view all the answers

What is the capability of the restriction enzymes observed by Boyer in his studies?

Cutting DNA strands in a particular fashion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasmids in certain bacterial cells?

They float about freely in the cytoplasm and replicate independently from the coding strand of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

In what sense is the term 'biotechnology' used in a restricted sense today?

To refer to processes using genetically modified organisms on a larger scale Signup and view all the answers