Biotechnology: Principles, Processes, and Applications
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Questions and Answers

What is the major utility of the biological world according to the text?

  • Contributing to human comfort and welfare (correct)
  • Serving as a source of energy
  • Providing raw materials for industries
  • Facilitating transportation systems

    • Where did Herbert Boyer complete his graduate work?

  • University of Pennsylvania
  • Yale University
  • University of California at San Francisco
  • University of Pittsburgh (correct)

    • What off-shoot of modern biology changed daily life with products for health and food production?

  • Biotechnology (correct)
  • Genetic engineering
  • Microbiology
  • Botany

    • Which century did biotechnology emerge as an off-shoot of modern biology?

    <p>20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Herbert Boyer study in E.coli that had especially useful properties?

    <p>Restriction enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Herbert Boyer take an assistant professorship in 1966?

    <p>University of California at San Francisco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific sequence in a chromosome necessary for the multiplication of any alien piece of DNA in an organism?

    <p>Origin of replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of DNA replication, what is another term used to describe the process of making multiple identical copies of a template DNA?

    <p>Cloning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who linked a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium for the first construction of an artificial recombinant DNA molecule?

    <p>Cohen and Boyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecular tools allowed for the cutting of DNA at specific locations, enabling the construction of recombinant DNA?

    <p>Restriction enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do plasmid DNA play in transferring pieces of DNA in genetic engineering techniques?

    <p>Act as vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way is the malarial parasite transferred into the human body according to the passage?

    <p>Through mosquito bites acting as a vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

    <p>Joins cut DNA molecules together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the circular autonomously replicating DNA created by joining a foreign DNA segment with a plasmid vector?

    <p>Recombinant DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for cutting DNA at specific sequences in genetic engineering?

    <p>Restriction enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cloning an antibiotic resistance gene in E. coli?

    <p>To replicate the gene using the host's enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is closely related to Salmonella and is commonly used to multiply copies of DNA in genetic engineering processes?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three basic steps in genetically modifying an organism as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Identification of desirable genes, transformation, transferring DNA to progeny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a restriction endonuclease?

    <p>Cut DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Hind II recognize where to cut the DNA?

    <p>By recognizing a specific sequence of six base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do different restriction enzymes recognize different sequences?

    <p>They were isolated from different strains of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the naming convention for restriction enzymes?

    <p>First letter from genus, second two from species, followed by an indicating number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes exonucleases from endonucleases?

    <p>Exonucleases cut DNA at specific positions, endonucleases remove nucleotides from ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do restriction enzymes belong to a class of enzymes called nucleases?

    <p>They make cuts within the DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a bioreactor?

    <p>To provide optimal growth conditions for the desired product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a stirred-tank reactor usually cylindrical or has a curved base?

    <p>To facilitate even mixing and oxygen availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system in a bioreactor ensures small culture volumes can be withdrawn periodically?

    <p>Sampling ports system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of downstream processing in biotechnology?

    <p>To separate and purify the product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is collectively referred to as downstream processing?

    <p>Separation and purification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a product undergo after formulation with suitable preservatives?

    <p>Clinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

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