30 Questions
What is the major utility of the biological world according to the text?
Contributing to human comfort and welfare
Where did Herbert Boyer complete his graduate work?
University of Pittsburgh
What off-shoot of modern biology changed daily life with products for health and food production?
Biotechnology
Which century did biotechnology emerge as an off-shoot of modern biology?
20th century
What did Herbert Boyer study in E.coli that had especially useful properties?
Restriction enzymes
Where did Herbert Boyer take an assistant professorship in 1966?
University of California at San Francisco
What is the specific sequence in a chromosome necessary for the multiplication of any alien piece of DNA in an organism?
Origin of replication
In the context of DNA replication, what is another term used to describe the process of making multiple identical copies of a template DNA?
Cloning
Who linked a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium for the first construction of an artificial recombinant DNA molecule?
Cohen and Boyer
Which molecular tools allowed for the cutting of DNA at specific locations, enabling the construction of recombinant DNA?
Restriction enzymes
What role do plasmid DNA play in transferring pieces of DNA in genetic engineering techniques?
Act as vectors
In what way is the malarial parasite transferred into the human body according to the passage?
Through mosquito bites acting as a vector
What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?
Joins cut DNA molecules together
What term is used to describe the circular autonomously replicating DNA created by joining a foreign DNA segment with a plasmid vector?
Recombinant DNA
Which enzyme is responsible for cutting DNA at specific sequences in genetic engineering?
Restriction enzyme
What is the purpose of cloning an antibiotic resistance gene in E. coli?
To replicate the gene using the host's enzyme
Which bacterium is closely related to Salmonella and is commonly used to multiply copies of DNA in genetic engineering processes?
Escherichia coli
What are the three basic steps in genetically modifying an organism as mentioned in the text?
Identification of desirable genes, transformation, transferring DNA to progeny
What is the purpose of a restriction endonuclease?
Cut DNA
How does Hind II recognize where to cut the DNA?
By recognizing a specific sequence of six base pairs
Why do different restriction enzymes recognize different sequences?
They were isolated from different strains of bacteria
What is the naming convention for restriction enzymes?
First letter from genus, second two from species, followed by an indicating number
What distinguishes exonucleases from endonucleases?
Exonucleases cut DNA at specific positions, endonucleases remove nucleotides from ends
Why do restriction enzymes belong to a class of enzymes called nucleases?
They make cuts within the DNA molecules
What is the function of a bioreactor?
To provide optimal growth conditions for the desired product
Why is a stirred-tank reactor usually cylindrical or has a curved base?
To facilitate even mixing and oxygen availability
Which system in a bioreactor ensures small culture volumes can be withdrawn periodically?
Sampling ports system
What is the purpose of downstream processing in biotechnology?
To separate and purify the product
Which process is collectively referred to as downstream processing?
Separation and purification
What must a product undergo after formulation with suitable preservatives?
Clinical trials
Explore the principles and processes of biotechnology in Chapter 9, and learn about its diverse applications in Chapter 10. Dive into the history of technological advancements aimed at enhancing human comfort and value.
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