Biotechnology Overview and History

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What was the significance of Dolly the sheep in the field of biotechnology?

She was the first animal cloned from diploid cells. (correct)

She was a pioneer in stem cell research.

She was the first sheep to be genetically engineered.

She was the first mammal to be cloned from somatic cells.

Which scientist is known for disproving spontaneous generation?

Gregor Mendel

James Watson

Paul Berg

Louis Pasteur (correct)

What role do greenhouse gas emissions play in climate change?

They are solely caused by natural sources.

They only affect weather patterns and not temperature.

They build up in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. (correct)

They have no significant impact on climate factors.

How does an imbalance in incoming and outgoing radiation affect Earth's temperature?

It leads to an increase in Earth's average temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential agriculture-related consequence of climate change in the Philippines?

Changes in rainfall timing can critically affect harvests. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major concern regarding the impact of climate change on power supply in the Philippines?

Dependence on imported coal and oil will increase due to reduced rainfall. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of forests and biodiversity is affected by climate change?

Forests may shrink and become more prone to fires and habitat degradation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between CO2 rise and crop growth?

Increasing CO2 levels can favor weeds over crops. Signup and view all the answers

What is biotechnology primarily concerned with?

The use and modification of biological systems for various applications. Signup and view all the answers

Which milestone in biotechnology is associated with the discovery of DNA?

1869, when DNA was discovered in trout sperm by German Miescher. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the earliest applications of biotechnology by the ancient Egyptians?

Fermentation processes for wine and bread making. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes recombinant DNA technology?

It allows for the combination of DNA from different organisms for genetic improvements. Signup and view all the answers

How did biotechnology first gain recognition as a field?

When Karoly Ereky coined the term 'biotechnology' in 1919. Signup and view all the answers

What does plant tissue culture primarily offer in biotechnology?

A way to quickly and cheaply produce genetically identical plants. Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms were among the first genetically modified organisms introduced into agriculture?

Transgenic plants developed in the 1980s-1990s. Signup and view all the answers

Which disciplines are integrated in the field of biotechnology?

Biochemistry, microbiology, and engineering. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the combination of biology and technology.
It uses biological organisms, systems, or processes for industrial and human benefit.
It involves the controlled use of biological agents like microorganisms or cell components, applied in manufacturing and service industries.
It's a combination of biochemistry, microbiology, and engineering for technological applications of microorganisms and cultured cells.
Biotechnology modifies genetic structures in animals and plants for desired outcomes.

History of Biotechnology

People used biotechnology techniques long before giving it a name.
Hungarian engineer Karoly Ereky coined the term "biotechnology" in 1919.
Ancient Egyptians used fermentation for various purposes, including bread making, and breeding animals for nutrition.
Recombinant DNA technology extracts DNA to be used in other organisms, improving agricultural yields and animals.
Plant tissue culture became a standard method to quickly and cheaply create genetically similar plants.

Milestones in Biotechnology

1869: German scientist Miescher discovered DNA in trout sperm.
1919: Karoly Ereky coined the term "biotechnology."
1940s-1950s: Research into the structure and functions of DNA intensified.
1980: The U.S. Supreme Court approved patenting genetically modified organisms.
1980s-1990s: GMOs and biotechnology spread into agriculture and medicine.
1990s: Transgenic organisms (GMOs) became widely used in agriculture.
1997: Dolly the sheep became the first mammal cloned from diploid cells.
1990s-2000s: Ethical concerns regarding human cloning and stem cell research arose in the U.S.

Pioneers in Biotechnology

Robert Hooke invented the compound light microscope.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria using a simple microscope.
Gregor Mendel's work founded genetics, particularly studying pea plants.
Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation and created a rabies vaccine.
James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA through X-ray photography.
Paul Berg created recombinant DNA technology.

Climate Change

Climate change is caused by greenhouse gas buildup in the atmosphere.
Manmade activities exacerbate this build-up.
To maintain Earth's temperature, incoming radiation must equal outgoing radiation.
Climate change impacts in some areas of the Philippines include a less reliance on hydroelectricity and concerns about disease vectors.

The Science of Climate Change

Many climate change impacts aren’t apparent in the region.
Regional weather patterns often stabilize climate systems
CO2 favors crop growth, yet weeds may also grow more readily.

Downstream Effects of Climate Change

Effects of climate change on different areas or systems
Agriculture suffers from fluctuations in rainfall and excessive or insufficient rain.
Forests shrink and dry due to warming, causing habitat destruction and species loss.
Health problems worsen with the spread of disease vectors and displacement.
Water resources face salinity intrusion problems due to sea level rise.
Marine life struggles with warmer waters and higher CO2, affecting shell and bone formation.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the fascinating world of biotechnology, where biology meets technology for industrial and human advancement. Discover the historical roots of biotechnology, from ancient practices to modern techniques like recombinant DNA technology and plant tissue culture. This quiz will test your knowledge of key concepts and milestones that have shaped the field of biotechnology.