Biotechnology IT Applications - Lecture 2
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Questions and Answers

What does the operating system use to protect user data?

  • Encryption algorithms
  • Password protection (correct)
  • Access logs
  • Data backups

    • Which of the following best describes the role of an input/output controller?

  • It generates user interfaces for interaction.
  • It compiles and executes programming code.
  • It coordinates access to connected devices. (correct)
  • It manages memory allocation for applications.

    • What type of user interface requires the user to type commands to enter data?

  • Command-line interface (correct)
  • Voice-driven interface
  • Graphical user interface
  • Touch-based interface

    • How does the operating system manage device allocation?

    <p>By allocating devices efficiently and effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key functions of the operating system in a multiuser system?

    <p>Controlling user access to data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of an inter-process communication mechanism in a distributed operating system?

    <p>To retrieve interrupted process states after a processor failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of operating system allows for shared access to resources over a private network?

    <p>Network Operating System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key disadvantage of a network operating system?

    <p>Dependence on a central location for operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would a real-time operating system be most critical?

    <p>Controlling air traffic with strict time requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes an embedded operating system?

    <p>An OS built into the hardware of devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a network operating system?

    <p>Cost-effective consumer-level hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects a characteristic of a distributed operating system?

    <p>It facilitates communication among autonomous systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the response time in real-time operating systems?

    <p>The interval required to process and respond to inputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary goal of an operating system?

    <p>Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does system software primarily manage?

    <p>The individual hardware components of a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes application software?

    <p>Software designed to perform specific tasks for users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of a software suite?

    <p>Microsoft Office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about system software is FALSE?

    <p>It helps users run specific applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an integral part of system software?

    <p>User authentication and management tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is application software sometimes referred to as 'apps'?

    <p>It is often designed for mobile devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system versions are currently recognized as editions of Microsoft Windows?

    <p>Windows 7, 8, 10, 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between system software and application software?

    <p>System software provides a platform for application software to function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of system software in a computer?

    <p>To run independently of application software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What needs to be changed when installing a new hardware device in a computer system?

    <p>Operating system settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the interaction between application software and system software?

    <p>Application software cannot run without system software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which mode does the user interface with the system?

    <p>User Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to ensure that a new software application can run properly?

    <p>Compatibility with the operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding layers of computer systems is true?

    <p>A new hardware device requires no changes to the user/applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be verified when changing the operating system of a computer?

    <p>Compatibility with existing applications and hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of batch operating systems?

    <p>The length of jobs is predictable while in queue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of batch operating systems?

    <p>Jobs may wait an unknown time if a previous job fails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do multiprogramming operating systems increase CPU utilization?

    <p>By executing multiple jobs simultaneously using a single processor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the quantum in a time-sharing operating system?

    <p>It specifies the time allocated to each task for execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of time-sharing operating systems?

    <p>They ensure complete reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiprocessor operating systems are designed to execute multiple jobs simultaneously. What is one of their primary advantages?

    <p>They provide a faster processing speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following operating systems is an example of a time-sharing operating system?

    <p>Unix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason Linux is considered lightweight compared to other operating systems?

    <p>It can run with as little as 128MB of RAM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of multiprogramming operating systems?

    <p>They organize jobs to ensure the CPU always has a job to execute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to Linux's stability over other operating systems?

    <p>It rarely hangs or slows down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Linux's approach to software updates differ from many other operating systems?

    <p>Users have control over which updates to install.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Linux distributions regarding installation options?

    <p>Users can run Linux without installing it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming languages are supported by Linux?

    <p>Most widely used programming languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of users is Ubuntu particularly suitable?

    <p>Beginners to Linux.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of Linux's flexibility?

    <p>It can function in varied environments like desktops and servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary feature of the Linux graphical user interface?

    <p>It provides an interactive interface similar to Windows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Applications of Information Technology in Biotechnology - Lecture 2

    • The lecture is about Operating Systems and Utility Programs
    • Information System (IS) is a combination of people, data, processes, communications, and Information Technology (IT) that interact to support and improve day-to-day operations and support problem-solving
    • Information Technology (IT) is a modern term describing the combination of computer technology (hardware and software) and telecommunications (data, image, and voice networks)
    • Information systems professionals are knowledgeable about business concepts and applications
    • IT professionals focus on technology supporting business initiatives
    • Computer and technology-related occupations are projected to grow 15% between 2021 and 2031
    • Subcategories of IT include Health Information Technology, Cybersecurity, and Business Information Technology (BIT)

    Software

    • Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions
    • Software can be broken into two main categories: System software and Application software
    • System software provides essential non-task-specific functions of a computer
    • Application software allows users to perform specific tasks

    Operating System

    • A computer system is comprised of combined hardware and software
    • Operating System (OS) is a system software that acts as an intermediary between a user and computer hardware
    • An OS helps execute user programs and makes solving problems easier
    • An OS makes using a computer system more convenient and efficient

    System Software

    • System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing individual hardware components of a computer system
    • System software presents the hardware as a functional unit to users

    Application Software

    • Application software performs tasks other than running the computer system, such as image viewers, software packages (spreadsheets, word processing), and software suites (Microsoft Office)
    • Application software may consist of a single program or a collection of programs

    System and Application Software Comparison

    • Computer software (applications and other types of information) is digitally stored
    • Application software is designed for specific user tasks
    • Examples of application software include web browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, databases, presentation software, and graphics software
    • System software can function independently of application software
    • Application software relies on system software

    Microsoft Windows

    • A graphical operating system designed for Intel-based desktop and notebook computers
    • Known for its broad selection of available applications
    • Current editions include Windows 7, 8, 10, and 11

    Windows Server

    • A server operating system that uses a familiar graphical user interface commonly associated with Windows operating systems
    • It is also a very mature server that is time-tested
    • It has a large user community and is known for its stability

    UNIX

    • A line-based text-based operating system
    • The commands are generally represented by keywords or other types of abbreviations

    Google Chrome OS

    • A thin client operating system with minimal hardware, designed for specialized tasks, such as internet usage
    • It is a popular and commonly used operating system

    Server Operating Systems

    • Windows Server - A server operating system using a familiar GUI for those experienced with Windows
    • UNIX - A widely used system characterized by stability, maturity, extensive features, and large user community
    • Linux - An open-source and customizable server operating system with readily available services and tools

    Tablet and Phone Operating Systems

    • System-on-a-chip (SoC) - An operating system that comes preinstalled on a chip (integrated into a portable device such as a phone or tablet)
    • Popular SoC operating systems include iOS for iPad and iPhone and Android

    iOS on the iPhone and iPad

    • The Apple-created operating system for Apple tablets and phones
    • iOS 14 is the current stable operating system version

    Android

    • Android is a popular smartphone and tablet operating system
    • It is based on the Linux Kernel
    • It includes versions 8 Oreo, 9 Pie, 10, and 11 (released in 2020)

    Linux

    • Linux is a cross-platform operating system commonly used on desktops, tablets, and smartphones

    Advantage of Linux Operating System

    • Linux's open-source code is easily accessible
    • It's less vulnerable to security threats compared to other operating systems
    • It's free; users do not have to buy a license
    • Lightweight and requires less memory and disk space
    • Stable, with few instances of freezing or slowdowns
    • High performance; it can manage multiple users simultaneously
    • Flexible and supports various types of systems
    • Easy software updates
    • Extensive Linux distribution options are available
    • A graphical User Interface (GUI) is available
    • Supports numerous essential programming languages

    Functionality of Operating Systems

    • File management, I/O management, memory management, process management, security and protection, and user interface

    Utility Programs

    • Programs that perform specialized tasks to enhance computer operation
    • Help provide additional functionality to the operating system, such as device drivers and debugging tools
    • Provide file management capabilities (e.g. copying, moving, renaming files)
    • Can include utilities to recover deleted files (e.g. Norton Utilities) and add protection against viruses (e.g. Symantec and McAfee)

    History of Operating Systems

    • Early operating systems did not have significant capabilities
    • Operating systems have been gradually improved over the years, with features such as multiprogramming and other functionalities increasingly added

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    Lect_2_IT_Operating_Systems PDF

    Description

    This lecture explores the role of operating systems and utility programs within the field of Information Technology as it pertains to Biotechnology. Learn how Information Systems integrate people, data, processes, and technology to enhance day-to-day operations and decision-making in business contexts.

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