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Which of the following are considered features of biotechnology products and processes?
Which of the following are considered features of biotechnology products and processes?
Biotechnology is a branch of applied science that utilizes only non-living organisms and their derivatives.
Biotechnology is a branch of applied science that utilizes only non-living organisms and their derivatives.
False
Which of the following sciences does biotechnology interact and benefit from?
Which of the following sciences does biotechnology interact and benefit from?
In the ancient Egyptian civilization, what two products were produced using biotechnological methods?
In the ancient Egyptian civilization, what two products were produced using biotechnological methods?
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The term 'Anno Domini' (AD) is a secular term used to denote a time period?
The term 'Anno Domini' (AD) is a secular term used to denote a time period?
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What significant discovery did Edward Jenner make in 1796?
What significant discovery did Edward Jenner make in 1796?
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Who was credited with discovering Chromosomes in 1902?
Who was credited with discovering Chromosomes in 1902?
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The term "______" was coined by Johannsen in 1909 to describe the fundamental unit of heredity.
The term "______" was coined by Johannsen in 1909 to describe the fundamental unit of heredity.
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What discovery was made by Watson and Crick in 1953?
What discovery was made by Watson and Crick in 1953?
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Modern biotechnology began around the start of the twentieth century.
Modern biotechnology began around the start of the twentieth century.
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The growing automobile industry started using fermentation processes in the early 20th century.
The growing automobile industry started using fermentation processes in the early 20th century.
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Which of the following is NOT a key area where biotechnology is currently being used?
Which of the following is NOT a key area where biotechnology is currently being used?
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The human genome contains approximately 22,000 genes.
The human genome contains approximately 22,000 genes.
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What is the name of the revolutionary gene editing technology that was used to treat cancer in 2020?
What is the name of the revolutionary gene editing technology that was used to treat cancer in 2020?
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Match the following colors of biotechnology with their corresponding fields:
Match the following colors of biotechnology with their corresponding fields:
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What type of bioengineering research is essential for advancements in food security, biotechnology, and human nutrition?
What type of bioengineering research is essential for advancements in food security, biotechnology, and human nutrition?
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Bioprocessing engineering encompasses both ______ engineering and ______ engineering.
Bioprocessing engineering encompasses both ______ engineering and ______ engineering.
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Which stage of bioprocess engineering involves the selection of organisms and media?
Which stage of bioprocess engineering involves the selection of organisms and media?
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Microorganisms used in bioprocesses should be pathogenic and hazardous.
Microorganisms used in bioprocesses should be pathogenic and hazardous.
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What is the primary goal of downstream processing (DSP) in bioprocessing?
What is the primary goal of downstream processing (DSP) in bioprocessing?
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Fermentation, a metabolic process, always results in the production of an alcohol.
Fermentation, a metabolic process, always results in the production of an alcohol.
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Fermentation processes can occur only under anaerobic conditions.
Fermentation processes can occur only under anaerobic conditions.
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Which of the following is a device employed to carry out fermentation processes on a large scale?
Which of the following is a device employed to carry out fermentation processes on a large scale?
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What are the two main outcomes of fermentation processes in relation to the desired product?
What are the two main outcomes of fermentation processes in relation to the desired product?
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Fermented foods, like bread and beer, tend to retain less nutrition than their raw material counterparts.
Fermented foods, like bread and beer, tend to retain less nutrition than their raw material counterparts.
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Lactic acid-producing bacteria play a role in the production of yogurt and cheese.
Lactic acid-producing bacteria play a role in the production of yogurt and cheese.
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The fermentation of tea leaves and coffee beans results in a reduction of their flavor.
The fermentation of tea leaves and coffee beans results in a reduction of their flavor.
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How many stages are typically involved in the fermentation process?
How many stages are typically involved in the fermentation process?
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The sterilization step in fermentation is only necessary for the medium used.
The sterilization step in fermentation is only necessary for the medium used.
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The creation of optimum conditions in the fermentor ensures the growth of the desired organism and production of the target product.
The creation of optimum conditions in the fermentor ensures the growth of the desired organism and production of the target product.
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What are the two alternate terms used to describe the fermentation process due to the interrelationships between microorganisms and the process?
What are the two alternate terms used to describe the fermentation process due to the interrelationships between microorganisms and the process?
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Which of the following are advantages of producing materials using fermentation?
Which of the following are advantages of producing materials using fermentation?
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Fermentation products are typically produced in high concentrations, similar to chemically derived compounds.
Fermentation products are typically produced in high concentrations, similar to chemically derived compounds.
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Purification of fermentation products is a straightforward and inexpensive process.
Purification of fermentation products is a straightforward and inexpensive process.
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Microbial processes are typically much faster than chemical processes.
Microbial processes are typically much faster than chemical processes.
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Microbial contamination is a common concern during fermentation processes.
Microbial contamination is a common concern during fermentation processes.
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Microorganisms are highly tolerant of extreme variations in temperature and pH.
Microorganisms are highly tolerant of extreme variations in temperature and pH.
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Waste products produced during fermentation are toxic and pose significant environmental risks.
Waste products produced during fermentation are toxic and pose significant environmental risks.
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Fermentation processes primarily rely on bacteria, fungi, and yeasts for production.
Fermentation processes primarily rely on bacteria, fungi, and yeasts for production.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of fermentation product?
Which of the following is NOT a type of fermentation product?
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Primary metabolites are essential for the growth and development of organisms.
Primary metabolites are essential for the growth and development of organisms.
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Secondary metabolites are produced only in stressful conditions for the organisms.
Secondary metabolites are produced only in stressful conditions for the organisms.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary metabolite?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary metabolite?
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The regulation of biosynthesis for secondary metabolites is the same as for primary metabolites.
The regulation of biosynthesis for secondary metabolites is the same as for primary metabolites.
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Secondary metabolite production is primarily associated with the trophophase.
Secondary metabolite production is primarily associated with the trophophase.
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The trophophase and idiophase are always clearly separated in all fermentation processes.
The trophophase and idiophase are always clearly separated in all fermentation processes.
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Biocatalysis is a process that aims to optimize fermentation conditions to improve yield, quality, and purity of the final product.
Biocatalysis is a process that aims to optimize fermentation conditions to improve yield, quality, and purity of the final product.
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Biocatalysis can only involve the use of whole organisms, never individual components.
Biocatalysis can only involve the use of whole organisms, never individual components.
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Biocatalysts for reduction reactions can be found only in microbes.
Biocatalysts for reduction reactions can be found only in microbes.
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Whole cell biocatalysts can utilize the presence of respiratory chains to achieve specific reactions.
Whole cell biocatalysts can utilize the presence of respiratory chains to achieve specific reactions.
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Lipase is a type of enzyme used in washing powders for the removal of fat stains.
Lipase is a type of enzyme used in washing powders for the removal of fat stains.
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Which of these is an example of a process that could be achieved using whole-cell biocatalysis?
Which of these is an example of a process that could be achieved using whole-cell biocatalysis?
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Study Notes
Biotechnology Introduction
- Biotechnology is a branch of applied science using living organisms and their derivatives to produce or modify products and processes.
- Applications include healthcare, medicine, biofuels, and environmental safety.
- Biotechnology interacts with various sciences, including biology, microbiology, biochemistry, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and computer science.
History of Biotechnology
- Ancient Egyptians used biotechnological processes for bread and beer production, depicted in their temples.
- Key historical milestones include the use of yeast for fermentation (6000 BCE), the development of vaccines, and the understanding of genetics.
- Modern biotechnology emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with developments in genetics, fermentation, and microbial processes.
Modern Biotechnology
- Modern biotechnology started at the end of the 19th century, with Mendel's work, and the development of Koch, Pasteur, and Lister's institutes for investigating fermentation and microbial processes.
- Advancements in the 20th century included the discovery of DNA structure by Watson and Crick, genetic engineering techniques, and the study of the human genome.
- Today, biotechnology is widely used in agriculture, medicine, industry, and environmental applications.
Microorganisms in Biotechnology
- Microbial growth and development are crucial to biotechnology.
- Advancing diagnostic tools, biocontrol agents, and bioremediation are important applications of microbes in biotechnology.
- Microbial genome sequencing and bioengineering contribute to food security, value-added products, and agricultural improvements.
Bioprocessing Engineering
- Bioprocess engineering combines biochemical and biological engineering principles to efficiently produce desired biological materials.
- Bioprocesses are categorized into upstream and downstream stages.
- Upstream processing (USP) involves selecting an organism, sterilizing the growth medium, and establishing the inoculation conditions.
- Downstream processing (DSP) focuses on product separation, purification, and formulation for packaging.
Fermentation Process
- Fermentation is a metabolic process where organisms convert carbohydrates to alcohols or acids.
- It was initially associated with anaerobic microbial cultivation.
- Fermentation can now be aerobic or anaerobic using fresh or treated media, often using inert gases.
- Fermentation yields numerous products like amino acids, enzymes, organic acids, and vitamins.
- A fermentor is a device utilized for large-scale fermentation processes.
Advantages and Drawbacks of Fermentation
- Fermentation offers advantages by producing complex molecules, optically active compounds, and by using renewable feed stocks.
- Reaction conditions during fermentation are mild and can occur in a single vessel.
- Drawbacks include low concentrations of products in complex solutions, product purification difficulties, slow processes, and microbial contamination susceptibility.
Cellular Processes in Fermentation
- Primary metabolites, such as ethanol, lactic acid, and glycerol, are essential for energy storage and growth.
- Secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics and vitamins, are usually needed for reproduction under specific conditions.
- Various cellular activities contribute to the fermentation process, including metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of different molecules.
Biocatalysis
- Biocatalysis leverages enzymes and whole cells for optimization of fermentation processes, improving reaction yield, purity, and quality.
- Enzymes, such as lipases, which catalyze the reaction of alcohol and acids, are utilized for production.
- Whole cell catalysts utilize the entire cell, rather than extracting and purifying specific enzymes.
Other Information
- Production of tea, coffee, pickles, and other vegetables often rely on or benefit from fermentation processes to preserve flavor, enhance taste, and extend shelf life..
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of biotechnology, from its roots in ancient practices to modern applications in medicine and environmental safety. This quiz covers key historical milestones, influential figures, and the interdisciplinary nature of biotechnology. Test your knowledge and understanding of this vital field!
