Biotechnology Class XII Sample Question Paper

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Questions and Answers

What approach utilizes the analysis of genomes present in different environments to identify various molecules?

Metagenomics (correct)

Proteomics

Mutant selection

Strain preservation

What is the commonly maintained CO2 level in incubators for animal cell culture?

11-15%

3-4%

1-2%

5-10% (correct)

What factors contribute to the challenge of accurately counting genes in a genome?

(iii), (iv)

(i), (iii)

(ii), (iv)

(i), (ii) (correct)

To prevent ripening of avocados during shipping, which type of gene should be introduced?

Gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a microbial species used for commercial production of citric acid?

Aspergillus niger Signup and view all the answers

Which process would most likely enhance the genetic stability of a cultivar?

Transgenic modification Signup and view all the answers

In biotechnology, which of the following techniques is crucial for separating DNA fragments?

Gel electrophoresis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of adjuvants in vaccine formulations?

To enhance immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which method helps reduce the possibility of religation of vector without picking the insert?

Use of two different Restriction enzymes for cloning Signup and view all the answers

What does a yellow color spot indicate in a cDNA microarray experiment using red and green fluorescent dyes?

Gene expressed in equal measure in both types of cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is associated with loci on chromosome number 1 and 6?

Migraine Signup and view all the answers

Which molecular disease causes increased hydrophobic interactions within the hemoglobin protein?

Sickle Cell anemia Signup and view all the answers

Interleukin-2 produced using CHO cell line is primarily used for which therapy?

Cancer therapy Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the dynamic nature of a cell's proteome?

Changes in response to internal and external factors. Signup and view all the answers

A novel gene introduced into yeast cells is used to produce which of the following?

Hepatitis B Vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques involves the use of hybridoma technology?

Generating monoclonal antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular basis of sickle cell anaemia?

A single nucleotide mutation in the beta-globin gene Signup and view all the answers

Why is autoclaving important for culturing microbes?

It eliminates all forms of microbial life Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is typically used for selecting recombinant cells in genetic engineering?

Tetracycline Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chymotrypsin in the charge relay system?

To cleave peptide bonds Signup and view all the answers

What could cause a recombinant polypeptide hormone to be inactive after purification?

Incorrect folding of the protein Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential solution to the extinction of medicinal plants?

Better conservation practices Signup and view all the answers

Which technique can be used to identify mutations linked to a disease?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of taxol derived from Taxus spp. in medicine?

As an anticarcinogenic agent Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step involved in the isolation of a desired microbial product after fermentation?

Separation of cells from the fermented broth Signup and view all the answers

Why is cell disruption necessary when isolating intracellular metabolites?

To release the desired metabolite trapped inside the cells Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of isolation is the metabolite purified to a high degree?

Metabolite-specific purification Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the isolation process for achieving nearly complete purity?

Polishing of the metabolite Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes the entire process of isolating a microbial product?

Downstream processing Signup and view all the answers

If a metabolite is extracellular, what step is preferred after separating the cells?

Concentration of the broth Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if there are too many steps in the isolation process?

Increased risk of contamination Signup and view all the answers

What type of product is purified during the metabolite-specific purification step?

The specific desired metabolite Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct relationship between the assertion that patients administered monoclonal antibodies against CD3 can accept renal allograft and the reason that monoclonal antibodies block T cell function?

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A). Signup and view all the answers

What causes foaming in microbiological cultures according to the reason provided?

Presence of fatty acids and silicones in the culture medium. Signup and view all the answers

Why can yeast cells with YEp plasmid be selected on a medium lacking leucine?

LEU2 gene codes for an enzyme required for leucine synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What are somaclonal variations associated with in long-term callus and cell suspension cultures?

They may enhance disease resistance in crops. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum insert size for plasmid vectors according to the provided information?

0.5-8 kb Signup and view all the answers

What is one important reason for fusing B lymphocytes with myeloma cells in the hybridoma technique?

To create immortal cell lines that produce a specific antibody. Signup and view all the answers

What makes 2D Gel Electrophoresis suitable for studying proteomics?

It enables the separation of proteins based on isoelectric point and molecular weight. Signup and view all the answers

Why has sickle cell trait persisted in populations where malaria is endemic?

It offers a survival advantage against malaria. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Instructions for Biotechnology Exam

Maximum Marks: 70, Time allowed: 3 hours
All questions are compulsory
Five sections comprising a total of 33 questions
Section A: 12 multiple choice questions and 4 assertion-reasoning questions (1 mark each)
Section B: 5 short answer questions (2 marks each)
Section C: 7 short answer questions (3 marks each)
Section D: 2 case-based questions (4 marks each)
Section E: 3 long answer questions (5 marks each)
No overall choice but internal choices available in some questions
Diagrams should be neat and properly labeled when necessary

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

Metagenomics evaluates gene presence in various environments.
CO2 levels in animal cell culture are typically maintained at 5-10%.
Difficulties in counting genes arise from splice variants, overlapping genes, post-transcriptional events, and mutations.
Genetic engineering in avocados to delay ripening can involve introducing specific genes like those from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Aspergillus niger is a key microbial species for commercial citric acid production.
Methods to prevent religation of vectors without insert include using alkaline phosphatase and two different restriction enzymes.
Yellow spots in a cDNA microarray signify equal gene expression in normal and diseased cells.
Huntington's disease and migraine are associated with loci on chromosomes 1 and 6.
Sickle cell anemia leads to increased hydrophobic interactions in hemoglobin.
Interleukin-2 from CHO cells is mainly used in cancer therapy.
The proteome is dynamic due to biochemical changes in response to environmental influences.
Yeast cells engineered to produce hepatitis B vaccine induce specific immune responses.

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Cloning vectors include plasmids (0.5-8 kb), cosmids (9-23 kb), and YACs (50-500 kb).
Pathologists differentiate between cancerous and non-cancerous cells through microscopic observations of structural differences.
Inverted microscopes are preferred for cell culture to accommodate dish access, while hybridoma techniques merge B lymphocytes with myeloma cells for monoclonal antibody production.
2D Gel Electrophoresis is suitable for proteomics as it separates proteins based on charge and molecular weight.
The dbEST database is designed to handle redundancy in Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) data, while curators maintain data integrity and relevance.

Section C: Detailed Short Answer Questions

Sickle cell trait provides malaria resistance; the mutation alters β-globin locus, differentiating normal from sickle cells.
Nutrient media must be autoclaved to eliminate microbial contaminants; heat-sensitive antibiotics can be sterilized through filtration.
Industrial metabolites like Vincristine (source: Vinca rosea), Quinine (source: Cinchona), and Taxol (source: Taxus brevifolia) have significant medicinal uses.
The charge relay system in chymotrypsin utilizes two histidine residues for enzymatic activity.
Cloned eukaryotic hormones may be inactive in bacteria due to lack of post-translational modifications.
Steps in creating a chimeric mouse include isolation of embryonic stem cells, introduction of foreign DNA, and implantation in a blastocyst.

Section D: Case-Based Questions

Identify specific mutations and diseases through affected gene and employed techniques for diagnosis.
Downstream processing involves metabolite recovery and purification techniques to isolate microbial products post-fermentation.

Section E: Long Answer Questions

Calculate m/z ratios for proteins based on charges and molecular weight; draw corresponding Mass spectrum.
Consideration for protein-rich diets includes amino acid profiles, digestibility, and biological value for performance enhancement in athletes.
Regeneration of plants from tissue culture involves steps from explant preparation to regeneration; applications include rapid propagation and genetic improvement.

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Description

Prepare for your Class XII Biotechnology exam with this sample question paper. It includes 33 questions covering multiple choice and short answer formats, designed to test your knowledge and understanding of key concepts in biotechnology. Use this paper to identify your strengths and weaknesses before the actual exam.