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Biotechnology: Antibiotics Production

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Questions and Answers

What is an example of a wholly chemically synthesized compound used for the chemotherapy of infectious diseases?

Penicillin

Chloramphenicol

Sulfonamides (correct)

Tetracycline

What is the mode of action used for classifying antibiotics?

The producing organisms

The spectra of organisms attacked

Whether they act on the cell wall or are protein inhibitors (correct)

The chemical processes involved in their production

How are antibiotics increasingly produced nowadays?

Wholly by fermentation

Entirely by chemical synthesis

By semi-synthetic processes (correct)

By chemical introduction of side chains

What is the definition of biotechnology according to the text?

Study of wide-scale and profit-driven production of microorganisms or their products for direct use or as inputs in the manufacturing of other goods Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the word 'fermentation' in industrial microbiology?

From the Latin word 'fermentum' meaning boiling, as it refers to the bubbling of gas during wine fermentation Signup and view all the answers

How is 'fermentation' defined in strict microbial physiological terms?

It is a type of anaerobic respiration where organic molecules serve as final electron acceptors for microbial metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of modern biotechnology?

Manipulation and utilization of nucleic acids and molecular biology techniques Signup and view all the answers

In what way can yeasts be utilized according to the text?

Direct consumption as food for humans or feed for animals, use in bread-making, and production of ethanol for alcoholic beverages or perfumes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of modern biotechnology?

Studying the production and commercialization of microorganisms for various purposes Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the word 'fermentation' in industrial microbiology?

It originates from Latin, meaning 'to boil', referring to the bubbling of gas during wine fermentation Signup and view all the answers

How is 'fermentation' defined in strict microbial physiological terms?

As a type of metabolism where organic molecules act as final electron acceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a wholly chemically synthesized compound used for the chemotherapy of infectious diseases?

'Designer drugs' engineered to combat drug-resistant strains of pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of biotechnology according to the text?

'The application of biological systems and organisms to technical and industrial processes' Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Biotechnology

Biotechnology has multiple definitions.
One broad definition is the application of biological systems, living organisms, or their derivatives to make or modify products or processes with specific use, as stated in 1992.
Another definition is the use of biological materials to solve problems and produce useful products.

Applications of Biotechnology

A significant area of biotechnology is the production of therapeutic proteins and other medicines through genetic engineering.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the production of antibiotics in biotechnology. Explore the process of how microorganisms produce these chemicals and their inhibitory effects on other microorganisms.