Biotechnology and Plant Tissue Culture

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary advantage of plant tissue culture?

Elimination of the need for soil

Rapid multiplication of disease-free plants (correct)

Increased genetic diversity among plants

Decreased need for environmental control

Which of the following is a disadvantage of plant tissue culture?

Wide applicability for all plant species

High initial costs for setup (correct)

Requires minimal technical skills

Long process for plant maturation

What role do growth regulators play in plant tissue culture?

They prevent the growth of any plant tissues

They are used solely for rooting media

They control the growth and differentiation of plant cells (correct)

They enhance the genetic diversity of plant cultures

Which media component is typically responsible for supporting the growth of plant tissues in culture?

Agar or gelatin Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental concept in increasing the production of pharmaceuticals through plant tissue culture?

Optimizing culture conditions for specific metabolites Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to record advances in plant biotechnology?

To improve efficiency and stay updated in the field Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method for micropropagation in endangered plants?

Using tissue culture techniques Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best explains the term 'elicitation protocols' in natural product enhancement?

They stimulate plant responses to enhance secondary metabolite production Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary advantages of plant tissue culture?

Ability to propagate plants rapidly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a common problem associated with plant tissue culture?

Formation of somaclonal variation Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in the nutritional requirements for plant tissue culture?

Minerals, vitamins, and hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is NOT typically part of the plant tissue culture process?

Implementation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of plant regeneration in tissue culture?

To produce new plant varieties Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can negatively affect plant tissue culture productivity?

Contamination by microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is one method used to increase secondary metabolite production in plant tissue culture?

Application of elicitors Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary principles of plant tissue culture?

Isolation of plant cells Signup and view all the answers

Which is an advantage of plant tissue culture?

Rapid propagation of disease-free plants Signup and view all the answers

A major disadvantage of plant tissue culture is its:

Potential for low genetic variation Signup and view all the answers

During plant tissue culture, what is a crucial stage in the process?

Sterilization of tools and media Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that can limit the effectiveness of plant tissue culture?

Lack of specialized skills in handling plant tissues Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biotechnology: Four Colors

Biotechnology is the application of biological principles to produce goods and services
Green biotechnology focuses on environmentally friendly solutions to low crop productivity caused by human activities
Red biotechnology focuses on medical applications, for example, producing pharmaceuticals
White biotechnology focuses on industrial applications, for example, bioremediating pollutants
Blue biotechnology focuses on marine applications, such as aquaculture and biofuel production

Plant Tissue Culture

Advantages:
- Production of disease-free plants
- Mass propagation
- Conservation of endangered species
- Production of valuable secondary metabolites
Disadvantages:
- Labor-intensive
- Sterile environment required
- Expensive
Stages:
- Initiation: Explant is sterilized and cultured on growth medium
- Multiplication: Culture is maintained and propagated
- Rooting: Roots develop
- Acclimatization: Plants are transferred to greenhouse or field conditions

Biotechnological Production of Herbal Drugs

The course focuses on the scope and practice of plant biotechnology
Covers the basic principles of biotechnology and the four colors of biotechnology
Discusses downstream processes of plant cells and tissue culture
Examines genetic engineering techniques
Explores potential applications of biotechnology in the market

Plant Genetic Manipulation

Advantages of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops:
- Increased yield
- Pest resistance
- Herbicide tolerance
- Improved nutrient content
Disadvantages of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops:
- Potential environmental risks, such as gene flow to non-GM crops
- Potential human health risks, such as allergies
- Concerns over corporate control of agriculture

Pharmaceutical Applications of Biotechnology

Plant biotechnology can be used to produce:
- Pharmaceuticals, such as insulin and human growth hormone
- Vaccines, such as the Hepatitis B vaccine
- Diagnostic tools
- Agricultural products, such as pest-resistant crops
Plant tissue culture has been used to produce valuable secondary metabolites, like:
- Taxol for cancer treatment
- Vincristine and vinblastine for leukemia treatment

Green Biotechnology

Green biotechnology aims to provide environmentally friendly solutions to low crop productivity
It can be used to create crops resistant to insects and pests, and with increased drought tolerance
Potential benefits include:
- Increased crop yield
- Reduced pesticide use
- Improved nutritional value of crops
- Enhanced durability of harvested products
Potential risks:
- Gene transfer to other species
- Allergic reactions
- Socioeconomic consequences, such as unequal access to technology and resources

Midterm:

30 marks

Semester Activity:

10 marks for quizzes
10 marks for activities & presentations
5 marks for student attendance
5 marks for student portfolio

Final Exam:

40 marks

Total marks: 100

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Description

This quiz explores the key aspects of biotechnology, including the four colors: green, red, white, and blue biotechnology. Additionally, it covers the advantages and disadvantages of plant tissue culture, along with its stages of development. Test your knowledge and understanding of these important biotechnological concepts.