Biotechnology and Genetics Overview
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Questions and Answers

What type of competition occurs between members of different species?

  • Resource-based competition
  • Interspecific competition (correct)
  • Intraspecific competition
  • Interference competition

Which of the following is a characteristic of parasitism?

  • Neither organism is affected
  • One organism is harmed while the other benefits (correct)
  • Both organisms are harmed
  • Both species benefit from the relationship

What describes the 10% rule in an ecological context?

  • Only 10% of the energy produced at each trophic level is available to the next level (correct)
  • Only 10% of energy is lost as heat in ecosystems
  • Only 10% of the total energy is available to herbivores
  • Only 10% of the total energy is used for reproduction

Which symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved?

<p>Mutualism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization in ecology represents a group of individuals of the same species living in a defined area?

<p>Population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological niche of an organism?

<p>Its role and function in an ecosystem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during intraspecific competition?

<p>Individuals of the same species compete for resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feeding relationship is defined by one organism killing another for food?

<p>Predation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primary succession?

<p>Development of a community in an area without previous biotic life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a climax community?

<p>A stable community that experiences minor changes over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does carrying capacity refer to in population dynamics?

<p>The maximum population size a habitat can sustain without damage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes secondary succession?

<p>Occurs in previously inhabited areas where biotic conditions were favorable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ecological footprint measure?

<p>The impact of human activities on the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a biome?

<p>An area characterized by distinct climate conditions and biological communities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the chromosome theory of inheritance state?

<p>Genes are positioned on chromosomes that play a key role in inheritance patterns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of population dynamics?

<p>Understanding how ecological balance is maintained. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description accurately characterizes the Eukarya kingdom of Fungi?

<p>Multicellular, decomposers with cell walls made of chitin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of Archaea?

<p>Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that thrive in extreme conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of indicator species in an ecosystem?

<p>To serve as early warnings of ecological degradation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following groupings is the father of taxonomy, Carl Linnaeus, known for classifying organisms?

<p>Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some causes of loss of biodiversity?

<p>Overharvesting, introduction of species, chemical pollution, habitat destruction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best defines 'decent with modification' in the context of evolution?

<p>Darwin's term for evolution, ensuring species adapt and change over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the classification of organisms?

<p>The scientific name of an organism is written in binomial nomenclature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom includes eukaryotic, one-celled organisms with cell walls primarily made of cellulose?

<p>Protista (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Primary Succession

Ecological succession starting in a lifeless area with no previous biotic community.

Secondary Succession

Ecological succession following a disturbance that removes a community but leaves the soil intact.

Climax Community

A stable, mature community that experiences little change in species over time.

Biome

A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms.

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Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support without environmental damage.

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Ecological Footprint

The impact a person or community has on the environment.

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Population Dynamics

How the number of individuals in a population changes over time.

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Carbon Cycle

The movement of carbon between the non-living environment (atmosphere) and living things.

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Overproduction

Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.

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Genetic Variation

Differences in traits within a population due to variations in genes.

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Competition

Organisms fight for limited resources like food, water, or space.

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Differential Reproduction

Individuals with advantageous traits reproduce more successfully.

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Natural Selection

The process where organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

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Ecosystem Services

The benefits humans receive from healthy ecosystems, like clean air and water.

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Ecology

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.

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Levels of Living Things

The organization of life from individual organisms to the entire biosphere.

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Archaea

Unicellular organisms without a nucleus or peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They thrive in extreme environments like hot springs or salty lakes.

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Eukarya

Organisms with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They include animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

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Protista

A diverse kingdom of mostly single-celled eukaryotes. Some have cell walls made of cellulose.

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Fungi

Multicellular eukaryotic organisms (except yeast) that decompose organic matter. Their cell walls are made of chitin.

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Plantae

Multicellular eukaryotic organisms that produce their own food (autotrophs). Their cell walls are made of cellulose.

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Animalia

Multicellular eukaryotic organisms that cannot produce their own food (heterotrophs). They lack cell walls.

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Loss of Biodiversity

A decline in the variety of life on Earth, caused by factors like habitat destruction, invasive species, and pollution.

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Indicator Species

Species that provide early warnings about the health of an ecosystem. Their decline or absence indicates environmental problems.

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Study Notes

Biotechnology

  • Older examples include selective breeding
  • Genetic engineering combines genes from different organisms
  • Recombinant DNA technology allows faster improvement
  • GMOs (genetically modified organisms) are organisms with functional recombinant DNA
  • Transgenic organisms grow faster, and have more protein.
  • Vitamin A deficiency affects 10% of the world population
  • Golden Rice produces vitamin A
  • Bt bacteria produces insecticidal proteins, killing insects.
  • Genetically modified animals are being considered for human consumption
  • GMO salmon grow faster
  • GMOs can make plants more difficult to kill
  • GMOs may cause allergies
  • GMOs need to be purchased every year

Genetics

  • Alleles are different forms of a gene
  • Heterozygous means different alleles are present
  • Homozygous means the same alleles are present
  • Dominant traits mask recessive traits in a heterozygote
  • Phenotype is the physical expression of a trait
  • Genotype is the genetic makeup of a trait
  • Principle of Segregation explains how alleles separate
  • Principle of Independent Assortment describes how alleles assort separately
  • Monohybrid cross follows inheritance of one trait
  • Dihybrid follows the inheritance of two traits
  • Punnett squares predict possible genotypes and phenotypes
  • Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes
  • Sex chromosomes (XY) determine sex

DNA Technology

  • DNA fingerprinting identifies individuals
  • Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences
  • Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size
  • PCR amplifies DNA sequences
  • Hypervariable regions in DNA are unique sequences

Classification of Living Things

  • Carl Linnaeus developed a classification system
  • Linnaean systems include Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species
  • Scientific names are genus and species
  • Biodiversity is the variety of life in ecosystems
  • Endangered species are those at risk of extinction
  • Ecosystem services are benefits provided by ecosystems

Ecology

  • Ecology studies the interactions of organisms with each other and their environment.
  • Levels include individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
  • Ecological succession describes how a community changes over time

Evolution

  • Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection.
  • Natural selection is a process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Other

  • Biodiversity loss, pollution, and other factors damage environments

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of biotechnology and genetics in this informative quiz. Learn about selective breeding, GMOs, recombinant DNA technology, and the key genetic concepts including alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes. Perfect for students and anyone interested in the science of life!

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