Biotechnology and Genetics Overview

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Questions and Answers

What type of competition occurs between members of different species?

Resource-based competition

Interspecific competition (correct)

Intraspecific competition

Interference competition

Which of the following is a characteristic of parasitism?

Neither organism is affected

One organism is harmed while the other benefits (correct)

Both organisms are harmed

Both species benefit from the relationship

What describes the 10% rule in an ecological context?

Only 10% of the energy produced at each trophic level is available to the next level (correct)

Only 10% of energy is lost as heat in ecosystems

Only 10% of the total energy is available to herbivores

Only 10% of the total energy is used for reproduction

Which symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved?

Mutualism Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization in ecology represents a group of individuals of the same species living in a defined area?

Population Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological niche of an organism?

Its role and function in an ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during intraspecific competition?

Individuals of the same species compete for resources Signup and view all the answers

Which feeding relationship is defined by one organism killing another for food?

Predation Signup and view all the answers

What is primary succession?

Development of a community in an area without previous biotic life. Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a climax community?

A stable community that experiences minor changes over time. Signup and view all the answers

What does carrying capacity refer to in population dynamics?

The maximum population size a habitat can sustain without damage. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes secondary succession?

Occurs in previously inhabited areas where biotic conditions were favorable. Signup and view all the answers

What does the ecological footprint measure?

The impact of human activities on the environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a biome?

An area characterized by distinct climate conditions and biological communities. Signup and view all the answers

What does the chromosome theory of inheritance state?

Genes are positioned on chromosomes that play a key role in inheritance patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of population dynamics?

Understanding how ecological balance is maintained. Signup and view all the answers

Which description accurately characterizes the Eukarya kingdom of Fungi?

Multicellular, decomposers with cell walls made of chitin. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of Archaea?

Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that thrive in extreme conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of indicator species in an ecosystem?

To serve as early warnings of ecological degradation. Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following groupings is the father of taxonomy, Carl Linnaeus, known for classifying organisms?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class. Signup and view all the answers

What are some causes of loss of biodiversity?

Overharvesting, introduction of species, chemical pollution, habitat destruction. Signup and view all the answers

Which option best defines 'decent with modification' in the context of evolution?

Darwin's term for evolution, ensuring species adapt and change over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the classification of organisms?

The scientific name of an organism is written in binomial nomenclature. Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom includes eukaryotic, one-celled organisms with cell walls primarily made of cellulose?

Protista Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biotechnology

Older examples include selective breeding
Genetic engineering combines genes from different organisms
Recombinant DNA technology allows faster improvement
GMOs (genetically modified organisms) are organisms with functional recombinant DNA
Transgenic organisms grow faster, and have more protein.
Vitamin A deficiency affects 10% of the world population
Golden Rice produces vitamin A
Bt bacteria produces insecticidal proteins, killing insects.
Genetically modified animals are being considered for human consumption
GMO salmon grow faster
GMOs can make plants more difficult to kill
GMOs may cause allergies
GMOs need to be purchased every year

Genetics

Alleles are different forms of a gene
Heterozygous means different alleles are present
Homozygous means the same alleles are present
Dominant traits mask recessive traits in a heterozygote
Phenotype is the physical expression of a trait
Genotype is the genetic makeup of a trait
Principle of Segregation explains how alleles separate
Principle of Independent Assortment describes how alleles assort separately
Monohybrid cross follows inheritance of one trait
Dihybrid follows the inheritance of two traits
Punnett squares predict possible genotypes and phenotypes
Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes
Sex chromosomes (XY) determine sex

DNA Technology

DNA fingerprinting identifies individuals
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size
PCR amplifies DNA sequences
Hypervariable regions in DNA are unique sequences

Classification of Living Things

Carl Linnaeus developed a classification system
Linnaean systems include Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species
Scientific names are genus and species
Biodiversity is the variety of life in ecosystems
Endangered species are those at risk of extinction
Ecosystem services are benefits provided by ecosystems

Ecology

Ecology studies the interactions of organisms with each other and their environment.
Levels include individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
Ecological succession describes how a community changes over time

Evolution

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Natural selection is a process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Other

Biodiversity loss, pollution, and other factors damage environments

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of biotechnology and genetics in this informative quiz. Learn about selective breeding, GMOs, recombinant DNA technology, and the key genetic concepts including alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes. Perfect for students and anyone interested in the science of life!