Biotechnology and Genetics Overview

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What is the primary purpose of therapeutic cloning?

To produce recombinant DNA technology

To produce genetically identical individuals

To carry a baby until birth

To create human embryos for research purposes (correct)

Which of the following is a key tool used in recombinant DNA technology?

Cloning

Restriction enzymes (correct)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Surrogate mother

What is the primary function of DNA cloning vectors?

To modify the DNA using enzymes

To carry the target gene into the host cell (correct)

To produce genetically identical individuals

To isolate the target gene

Which of the following is not a stage in recombinant DNA technology?

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a host cell in recombinant DNA technology?

To allow the cloning vector to replicate within it (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of recombinant DNA technology?

Selection and isolation of target gene (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a disturbance to the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?

Mutation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a sharp-lowering of a population's gene pool?

Genetic bottleneck (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an evidence for Darwin's Theory of Common Descent?

Preferential survival/reproduction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the reduction in genetic variation when a few individuals from a population start a new population?

Founder effect (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of selection?

Gene flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the physical flow of alleles in and out of a population?

Gene flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for structures that have the same function but different structure?

Analogous structures (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is an example of homologous structures?

Llama and camel (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are structures that have diminished in size due to no apparent usage called?

Vestigial structures (C) Signup and view all the answers

Comparative embryology focuses on the early development of most ____________.

Vertebrates (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of comparing the biochemistry of organisms called?

Biochemistry (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does ichnofossil (trace fossil) record?

Biological activities and behaviors of an organism (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which event is known as the worst extinction event ever?

Permian (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process refers to changes in the frequencies of genes in a population over time?

Evolution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if all organisms were the same?

The population would be vulnerable to pathogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which principle states that the original proportions of genotypes in a population remain constant if certain assumptions are met?

Hardy-Weinberg Principle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What assumption does the Hardy-Weinberg Principle make about mutations?

No mutations occur in the population (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of taxonomy and systematics?

To classify and name organisms based on their evolutionary relationships (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five kingdoms proposed by Carolus Linnaeus?

Archaea (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of taxonomic ranks from the most broad to the most specific?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of binomial nomenclature in taxonomy?

It provides a standardized system for naming and classifying organisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an artificial classification system and a natural classification system?

Artificial systems are based on superficial similarities, while natural systems are based on evolutionary relationships (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of DNA homology in determining evolutionary relationships between species?

It suggests that similar organisms have similar origins and evolutionary histories (D) Signup and view all the answers