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Questions and Answers
Which of the following compounds is NOT an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites?
What is the primary role of the shikimic acid pathway?
Which of the following is NOT a trigger for the expression of secondary metabolites in plants?
Which starting substrates are involved in the shikimic acid pathway?
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Which aromatic amino acids are synthesized through the shikimic acid pathway?
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What type of metabolites are primarily produced by the biosynthetic pathways discussed?
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Which of the following is NOT a common environmental stress affecting secondary metabolite production?
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Which class of organisms is capable of utilizing the shikimic acid pathway for biosynthesis?
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What is the role of DAHP synthase in the shikimate pathway?
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Which compound is directly modified to contribute to the fatty acid synthesis in the acetate pathway?
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Which enzyme is associated with the transformation of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate to chorismate?
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What is the primary product of the mevalonate pathway?
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Which of the following correctly describes the formation process of malonyl-CoA?
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Which compounds are the initial building blocks derived from the mevalonate pathway?
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What type of metabolism is primarily connected by the shikimate pathway?
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Which of the following fatty acids can be directly synthesized from the acetate-malonate pathway?
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What is the primary function of farnesyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate pathway?
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What kind of enzyme is shikimate kinase and what is its function?
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Study Notes
Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites
- Biosynthesis is a multi-step process where simple compounds are converted into more complex products through enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
- Primary metabolites are building blocks for biosynthesis, derived from photosynthesis, glycolysis, and the Krebs cycle.
- Secondary metabolites are produced from primary metabolites and play a vital role in plant defense against environmental stresses like pathogens, herbivores, and UV radiation.
Shikimic Acid Pathway
- The Shikimic acid pathway is a seven-step pathway used by bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, plants, and some protozoans for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and folates.
- Chorismate is the final product of the pathway and a precursor for the three aromatic amino acids.
- Phenylpropanoid precursors are produced through the shikimic acid pathway, and they are abundant in plants, acting as a defense mechanism against environmental stresses.
- This pathway is also known as the chorismate pathway.
Malonic-Acid (Malonate/Acetate) Pathway
- The acetate pathway involves acyl carrier protein (ACP) to yield fatty acylthioesters of ACP, which are important intermediates in fatty acid synthesis.
- The pathway utilizes acetyl-CoA units to produce even-numbered fatty acids.
- Malonyl-CoA is formed from acetyl-CoA by the addition of CO2, serving as the substrate for fatty acid synthase.
Mevalonic-Acid (Mevalonate) Pathway
- The mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway or isoprenoid pathway involves the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR).
- The pathway is crucial for cholesterol biosynthesis and protein production in eukaryotic, archaea, and some bacteria organisms.
- Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) are the main intermediates of the MVA pathway, serving as building blocks for isoprenoid compounds.
- Squalene is produced from farnesyl pyrophosphate and its cyclization leads to cholesterol and other triterpenoids.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including the shikimic acid pathway and its role in producing aromatic amino acids. Learn how these processes contribute to plant defense mechanisms against environmental stresses. This quiz covers essential concepts relating to primary and secondary metabolites.
