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Questions and Answers
What is the primary product formed by the action of DAHP synthase on phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate?
Which enzyme is responsible for the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of shikimate to form shikimate 3-phosphate?
In the malonic-acid pathway, what role does acetyl-CoA play in fatty acid synthesis?
Which of the following amino acids is produced by the shikimate pathway?
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What metabolic pathway is also known as the isoprenoid pathway?
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Which of the following relates to the role of malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis?
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What is the function of chorismate synthase in the shikimate pathway?
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Which important component is synthesized through the mevalonate pathway?
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What is the primary function of acetyl-CoA in biosynthetic pathways?
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Which environmental factor can trigger the expression of secondary metabolites?
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What is the end product of the shikimic acid pathway?
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Which of the following compounds is NOT involved as a substrate in the shikimic acid pathway?
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Which of the following is a primary metabolite that contributes to the building blocks for secondary metabolites?
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What type of organisms utilize the shikimic acid pathway for biosynthesis?
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Which metabolic process is directly linked to the production of secondary metabolites?
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Which carbon unit is derived from isoprene units in the construction of secondary metabolites?
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Study Notes
Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites
- Secondary Metabolites are synthesized from building blocks derived from primary metabolites. These building blocks are primarily derived from photosynthesis, glycolysis, and the Krebs cycle.
- Acetyl-CoA, Shikimic acid, Mevalonic acid, and Malonic acid are important building blocks in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
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Shikimic Acid Pathway is a seven-step pathway used by various organisms for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan).
- Starts with phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate and ends with chorismate.
- This pathway is crucial for the production of phenols, alkaloids, and other aromatic compounds.
- Environmental stresses such as pathogen attacks, pH fluctuations, temperature changes, UV radiation, and heavy metal stress can trigger the expression of these aromatic compounds.
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Malonic Acid/Acetate Pathway: Involves acyl carrier protein (ACP) to produce fatty acylthioesters, crucial intermediates in fatty acid synthesis.
- Acetyl-CoA contributes to the formation of even-numbered fatty acids from butyric to arachidic acid.
- Malonyl-CoA is formed by the addition of CO2 to acetyl-CoA using the biotin cofactor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
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Mevalonic Acid (Mevalonate) Pathway: Another pathway known as isoprenoid pathway involved in the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR).
- This pathway is crucial for various cellular metabolisms in eukaryotic, archaeal, and bacterial organisms, including cholesterol biosynthesis and protein production.
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Description
This quiz covers the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, focusing on key pathways like the Shikimic Acid Pathway and their building blocks. Uncover the connections between primary metabolites and the synthesis of important aromatic compounds. Further, explore the impact of environmental stresses on metabolite production.
