Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary product formed by the action of DAHP synthase on phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate?

  • 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate
  • 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (correct)
  • Shikimate 3-phosphate
  • Chorismate
  • Which enzyme is responsible for the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of shikimate to form shikimate 3-phosphate?

  • EPSP synthase
  • DAHP synthase
  • Shikimate kinase (correct)
  • Chorismate synthase
  • In the malonic-acid pathway, what role does acetyl-CoA play in fatty acid synthesis?

  • It serves as the direct precursor for all carbon atoms.
  • It provides only the methyl end of the growing fatty acid chain. (correct)
  • It is converted into malonate for carbon addition.
  • It forms fatty acylthioesters of ACP directly.
  • Which of the following amino acids is produced by the shikimate pathway?

    <p>L-Tyr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metabolic pathway is also known as the isoprenoid pathway?

    <p>Mevalonate pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following relates to the role of malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>It is a precursor derived from the addition of CO2 to acetyl-CoA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chorismate synthase in the shikimate pathway?

    <p>Catalyzes the transformation of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate into chorismate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which important component is synthesized through the mevalonate pathway?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of acetyl-CoA in biosynthetic pathways?

    <p>To serve as a building block derived from C2 units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor can trigger the expression of secondary metabolites?

    <p>Heavy metal stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of the shikimic acid pathway?

    <p>Chorismate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is NOT involved as a substrate in the shikimic acid pathway?

    <p>2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary metabolite that contributes to the building blocks for secondary metabolites?

    <p>Glycolytic intermediates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms utilize the shikimic acid pathway for biosynthesis?

    <p>Bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, and plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic process is directly linked to the production of secondary metabolites?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbon unit is derived from isoprene units in the construction of secondary metabolites?

    <p>C5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites

    • Secondary Metabolites are synthesized from building blocks derived from primary metabolites. These building blocks are primarily derived from photosynthesis, glycolysis, and the Krebs cycle.
    • Acetyl-CoA, Shikimic acid, Mevalonic acid, and Malonic acid are important building blocks in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
    • Shikimic Acid Pathway is a seven-step pathway used by various organisms for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan).
      • Starts with phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate and ends with chorismate.
      • This pathway is crucial for the production of phenols, alkaloids, and other aromatic compounds.
      • Environmental stresses such as pathogen attacks, pH fluctuations, temperature changes, UV radiation, and heavy metal stress can trigger the expression of these aromatic compounds.
    • Malonic Acid/Acetate Pathway: Involves acyl carrier protein (ACP) to produce fatty acylthioesters, crucial intermediates in fatty acid synthesis.
      • Acetyl-CoA contributes to the formation of even-numbered fatty acids from butyric to arachidic acid.
      • Malonyl-CoA is formed by the addition of CO2 to acetyl-CoA using the biotin cofactor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
    • Mevalonic Acid (Mevalonate) Pathway: Another pathway known as isoprenoid pathway involved in the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR).
      • This pathway is crucial for various cellular metabolisms in eukaryotic, archaeal, and bacterial organisms, including cholesterol biosynthesis and protein production.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, focusing on key pathways like the Shikimic Acid Pathway and their building blocks. Uncover the connections between primary metabolites and the synthesis of important aromatic compounds. Further, explore the impact of environmental stresses on metabolite production.

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