Biostatistics Tutorial 1: Measurement
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern of public health?

  • Disease diagnosis
  • Disease prognosis
  • Disease treatment
  • Disease prevention (correct)

    • What is the branch of public health that attempts to discover the causes of disease?

  • Public health investigations
  • Medical sciences
  • Biostatistics
  • Epidemiology (correct)

    • What is biostatistics primarily concerned with?

  • Biological sciences and medical/health-related disciplines (correct)
  • Social sciences and humanities
  • Physical sciences and engineering
  • Environmental sciences and ecology

    • What is a population in the context of biostatistics?

    <p>A collection of persons/things or characteristics in which we have an interest to investigate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sample in the context of biostatistics?

    <p>A subset of a population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a population?

    <p>The collection of persons living in Dubai city who test positive for hepatitis C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a sample?

    <p>A sample of 50 men over age 65 who suffer from hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important characteristic of a sample?

    <p>It should be a representative part of the population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is represented by a categorical variable with no natural numerical value?

    <p>Nominal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of data can be ranked but has no intrinsic numerical value?

    <p>Ordinal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data represents quantities that take on specific values, usually integers?

    <p>Discrete (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is represented by quantities that are not restricted to specific values?

    <p>Continuous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is age?

    <p>Quantitative continuous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variable is usually coded numerically, but the codes are just alternate names?

    <p>Nominal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of data is often used to represent education levels?

    <p>Ordinal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of exploratory data analysis (EDA)?

    <p>To visualize distributions and relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is represented by the number of traffic accidents?

    <p>Discrete (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a summarization of the elements of a population?

    <p>Parameter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is blood type?

    <p>Nominal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is represented by birth weights?

    <p>Continuous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the goal when it comes to bias in statistics?

    <p>To minimize bias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comes first in the data analysis process?

    <p>Exploratory data analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is nutritional status?

    <p>Ordinal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a summarization of the elements of a sample?

    <p>Statistic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that takes on more than one value called?

    <p>A variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a variable?

    <p>Class grades (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in a study?

    <p>The cause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dependent variable in a study?

    <p>The effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a sample of 50 males, what is gender?

    <p>A constant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example correctly identifies the independent variable?

    <p>Smoking on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a snapshot of a data collection form called?

    <p>A questionnaire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a variable that is not a characteristic of a person?

    <p>Vehicle type (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biostatistics

    • Biostatistics is the branch of statistics that deals primarily with the biological sciences and medical/health-related disciplines.
    • It combines the two disciplines of epidemiology and biostatistics to discover the causes of disease and make disease prevention possible.

    Population and Sample

    • A population is a collection of persons/things or characteristics of interest to investigate.
    • A sample is a subset of a population.
    • A sample should be a representative part of the population.

    Variables

    • A variable is a characteristic that takes on more than one value.
    • Examples of variables include age, gender, business income and expenses, country of birth, capital expenditure, class grades, eye color, and vehicle type.
    • A variable may also be called a data item.

    Independent and Dependent Variables

    • The independent variable is the cause; its value is independent of other variables in the study.
    • The dependent variable is the effect; its value depends on changes in the independent variable.

    Data Types / Measurement Scales

    • Nominal data measures values that fall into categories with no natural numerical value.
    • Ordinal data falls into categories that can be qualitatively ordered but have no intrinsic numerical value.
    • Discrete data is measured quantities that take on specific values, usually integers.
    • Continuous data is measured quantities not restricted to specific values.

    Central Dogma of Statistics

    • A parameter is any summarization of the elements of a population.
    • A statistic is any summarization of the elements of a sample.
    • The goal is to minimize the difference between the statistic and the parameter.

    Descriptive Statistics : Exploratory Data Analysis

    • Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) allows us to visualize distributions and relationships, detect errors, and assess assumptions for confirmatory analysis.
    • EDA is the first step of data analysis.

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    Description

    This tutorial covers the basics of measurement in biostatistics, a branch of public health concerned with disease prevention and epidemiology.

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