Biostatistics Tutorial 1: Measurement
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic that takes on more than one value called?

  • Data item
  • Variable (correct)
  • Constant
  • Characteristic

    • Which of the following is an example of a variable?

  • Country of residence
  • Vehicle type
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Class grades

    • What is the independent variable in a study?

  • The effect
  • A dependent variable
  • The cause (correct)
  • A constant

    • What is the dependent variable in a study?

    <p>The effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a sample of 50 males, what is gender considered as?

    <p>A constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a dependent variable in the context of the study on the impact of smoking on colorectal cancer risk?

    <p>Colorectal cancer risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an independent variable in the context of the study on HBV infection?

    <p>Economic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a snapshot of a data collection form called?

    <p>A questionnaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of nominal data?

    <p>It falls into categories with no natural numerical value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is the number of traffic accidents an example of?

    <p>Discrete data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of ordinal data?

    <p>Education level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of continuous data?

    <p>It is not restricted to specific values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is the variable 'diabetes' an example of?

    <p>Binary data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of discrete data?

    <p>It can only take on specific values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of continuous data?

    <p>Birth weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is the variable 'age' an example of?

    <p>Continuous data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of public health?

    <p>To discover the causes of disease to make disease prevention possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of epidemiology?

    <p>To discover the causes of disease to make disease prevention possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of statistics?

    <p>A science concerned with the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data, and making decisions based on such analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biostatistics primarily concerned with?

    <p>The application of statistical methods to biological sciences and medical/health-related disciplines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a population in the context of biostatistics?

    <p>A collection of persons/things or characteristics in which we have the interest to investigate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sample in the context of biostatistics?

    <p>A subset of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a population in biostatistics?

    <p>The collection of persons living in Dubai city who test positive for hepatitis C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a sample in biostatistics?

    <p>It is a representative part of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is 'Age' in Example 1?

    <p>Quantitative continuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)?

    <p>To visualize distributions and relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

    <p>A parameter is a characteristic of a population, while a statistic is a characteristic of a sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is 'Blood type' in Example 6?

    <p>Categorical nominal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Descriptive Statistics?

    <p>To summarize and describe the characteristics of a sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is 'Nutritional status' in Example 7?

    <p>Categorical ordinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of reducing bias in statistical analysis?

    <p>To minimize the difference between the sample and population averages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary step in data analysis?

    <p>Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Biostatistics

    • Biostatistics is a branch of statistics that deals primarily with the biological sciences and medical/health-related disciplines.
    • Public health investigations use quantitative methods, which combine epidemiology and biostatistics.

    Population and Sample

    • A population is a collection of persons/things or characteristics in which we have an interest to investigate.
    • A sample is a subset of a population.
    • A sample should be a representative part of the population.

    Variables

    • A variable is a characteristic that takes on more than one value.
    • Examples of variables include age, gender, business income and expenses, country of birth, capital expenditure, class grades, eye color, and vehicle type.
    • If a sample consists of 50 males, then gender is not a variable in this sample but is termed a constant.

    Independent and Dependent Variables

    • The independent variable is the cause, and its value is independent of other variables in your study.
    • The dependent variable is the effect, and its value depends on changes in the independent variable.

    Data Types/Measurement Scales

    • Nominal variables measure values that fall into categories with no natural numerical value.
    • Ordinal variables fall into categories that can be qualitatively ordered but have no intrinsic numerical value.
    • Discrete data are measured quantities that take on specific values, usually integers.
    • Continuous data are measured quantities not restricted to specific values.

    Central Dogma of Statistics

    • A parameter is any summarization of the elements of a population.
    • A statistic is any summarization of the elements of a sample.
    • The goal is to minimize the difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter.

    Descriptive Statistics/Exploratory Data Analysis

    • EDA allows us to visualize distributions and relationships, detect errors, and assess assumptions for confirmatory analysis.
    • EDA is the first step of data analysis, and it's essential to look at your data to understand it.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of biostatistics in public health, including measurement and quantitative methods used in epidemiology to prevent disease.

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