Statistics: Lesson 3

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What does probability (P) measure in medical research?

The ratio of the probability of having an event to the probability of not having the event
The uncertainty present in medical research
The measure of disease occurrence
The likeliness that a random event will occur (correct)

What is the advantage of expressing uncertainty quantitatively using probabilities?

It allows for qualitative assessment
It increases uncertainty in medical research
It simplifies the analysis of medical data
It provides an explicit interpretation and exactness (correct)

In medical research, what is the ratio of the probability of having an event to the probability of not having the event known as?

Qualitative assessment
Odds (correct)
Statistical probability
Uncertainty measure

What does odds represent in the context of medical research?

The likelihood of an event occurring relative to the likelihood of it not occurring (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of expressing uncertainty quantitatively using probabilities?

It may force one to be more exact than is justified (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is probability mathematically defined in medical research?

A function that assigns random events numbers between 0 and 1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for prevalence in terms of incidence and duration?

Prevalence = Incidence × Duration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for the people who are susceptible to a particular disease?

At-risk population (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between prevalence and incidence?

Prevalence is directly proportional to Incidence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor in calculating measures of disease occurrence?

Correct estimate of the numbers of people under study (B) Signup and view all the answers

What population should ideally be excluded when calculating the frequency of cervical cancer?

Men (C) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does prevalence take into account?

Both new cases (Incidence) and recovery rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of disease occurrence, what does 'population at risk' refer to?

Those potentially susceptible to the disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the average duration of a condition?

Recovery rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which type of event might 'population at risk' be defined by occupational factors?

Workplace activities (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which group does brucellosis mainly occur, defining the population at risk?

People handling infected animals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of having the flu if 1 out of 5 patients have the flu?

0.20 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the odds of having the flu if the probability of having flu is 0.20?

0.25 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between probability and odds when probability is 0.67?

2.0 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of a disease if there are 30 cases out of 50,000 people?

0.0006000 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence rate if there are 3 cases over a period of 6 person-years?

0.14 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is being measured by attack rate?

Incidence rate during an outbreak (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does odds represent in the context of disease occurrence?

Risk of having an event to the risk of not having the event (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of time used in calculating incidence rate?

Person-time of observation (C) Signup and view all the answers