Biostatistics and Epidemiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the definition of the term 'endemic' in epidemiology?

  • The study of a disease and its behavior within a population
  • The entire world is involved
  • More than 2 standard deviations above the normal expected rate
  • What is the expected amount of disease per unit time in that population (correct)

    • What is the formula for calculating the fertility rate?

  • Number of infants who died within 1-12 months of life
  • Number of live births by women in the fertile years (15-45) (correct)
  • Number of live births
  • Number of newborns who died within the first 1 month of life

    • What does the term 'case fatality rate' represent in epidemiology?

  • Number of people who died/total number of cases (correct)
  • Number of people who got the disease/number of susceptible people in the population
  • Number of live births
  • Total number of deaths/populations

    • Which type of bias occurs when the entry criteria for a study are not well defined?

    <p>Selection bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Phase III in clinical trials?

    <p>Testing efficacy and documenting side effects in a large group of patient volunteers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measure of central tendency is the value that appears most often in a dataset?

    <p>Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In statistical inference, what is the purpose of defining the NULL hypothesis?

    <p>To establish the baseline assumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study divides a sample population into two groups based on the presence or absence of a risk factor and follows them over time to measure incidence and prevalence?

    <p>Cohort study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the positive predictive value (PPV) of a test?

    <p>TP / (TP + FP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a confidence interval represent in a study?

    <p>The range of values within which the calculated relative risk or odds ratio is likely to lie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs inhibits glucose absorption (postprandial) by blocking alpha-1-glucosidase?

    <p>Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs binds insulin receptors and stimulates transcription?

    <p>Thiazolidinediones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs mimics incretins (glucagon like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) that are secreted by the intestinal wall in response to food?

    <p>Incretin Mimetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs inhibits degradation of endogenous GLP-1?

    <p>Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs promotes insulin release by blocking voltage-sensitive potassium channels?

    <p>Sulfonylureas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs enhances peripheral glucose uptake?

    <p>Biguanides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs inhibits gluconeogenesis and causes weight loss?

    <p>Biguanides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs interacts with IV contrast to cause renal failure?

    <p>Biguanides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs potentiates glucose induced insulin release and inhibits glucagon release?

    <p>Incretin Mimetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is weight neutral?

    <p>Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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