Biostatistics and Epidemiology Quiz 2019
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that halts the transmission of an infecting organism?

  • The depletion of susceptible individuals to the organism (correct)
  • A very rapid and simultaneous exposure across all populations
  • The organism mutating to a non-infectious form
  • The development of herd immunity in the population

    • In mass casualty management, which sequence best represents the initial priorities?

  • Search, Rescue, First aid (correct)
  • Search, Transport, First aid
  • Remove evidence, Resuscitate, Search
  • Transport, First aid, Search

    • Which of the following is categorized as a man-made disaster?

  • Wars (correct)
  • Floods
  • Droughts
  • Famines

    • What do True Positives (TP) indicate in the context of screening tests?

    <p>Subjects with disease having a positive screening test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves utilizing data for planning, decision-making, and monitoring?

    <p>Data Utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor of a disease best defined as?

    <p>A variable that increases the probability of disease development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the field of study focusing on disease and its causes?

    <p>Epidemiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Tanzania, how is Malaria typically classified?

    <p>Endemic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an event that could cause an epidemic?

    <p>An increase in the density of vector species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a common source epidemic?

    <p>It occurs when a group of people is exposed to the same causative agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these scenarios is least likely to cause an infectious disease outbreak?

    <p>Improved sanitation and hygiene practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary condition for a common source epidemic to occur?

    <p>Exposure of a group to a single infectious agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is typically NOT considered a direct cause of an epidemic?

    <p>A large decrease in population density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is best associated with an infection spreading from a singular contaminated source to a group of individuals?

    <p>Common source epidemic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of spread in a propagated epidemic, that does not occur in a common source epidemic?

    <p>Direct or indirect transmittion between hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does an epidemic become a pandemic?

    <p>When the disease spreads over multiple continents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'the ability of an agent to survive under adverse environmental conditions' best describe?

    <p>Viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the capacity of a microorganism to cause overt disease in an infected host?

    <p>Virulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a toxin produced by a macro-organism that exerts an indirect effect?

    <p>Endotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'the ability of the agent to induce antibody production in the host' primarily indicate?

    <p>Immunogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT considered a typical portal of exit for a pathogen from humans?

    <p>Lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a method of data collection?

    <p>Observational studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following typically represents a man-made disaster?

    <p>Chemical Spills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a good screening test?

    <p>High Accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a high-risk area of disaster occurrence caused by humans?

    <p>Natural erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a necessary component for disease transmission?

    <p>An agent capable of infecting a human</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a portal of exit from the source of infection?

    <p>An infected host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of horizontal disease transmission?

    <p>Droplet infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as an example of vertical disease transmission?

    <p>Transmission through the milk supply during breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a disease that can be transmitted through vertical transmission?

    <p>Hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is a result of deforestation?

    <p>High risk area of disaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

    <p>Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the provided information, what is considered an example of a disease determinant?

    <p>Unprotected sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content imply about political instability?

    <p>It is a cause of disaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of continuous data?

    <p>Mwajuma’s weight is 45.5 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information given, what is NOT a factor that contributes to the success of a screening program?

    <p>Patient experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are criteria for initiating a screening program for a disease?

    <p>The disease should be serious and of public health importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an incorrect statement about the natural history of a disease in relation to screening programs?

    <p>Low prevalence of pre-clinical stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding continuous data examples provided?

    <p>He is 80.5 cm tall is continuous data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the influence of screening criteria is TRUE?

    <p>The value of screening programs depends on treatment effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of screening?

    <p>To identify individuals who are likely or unlikely to have a specific disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, what is one of the main objectives of screening?

    <p>To improve the quality of life by applying effective treatment for diseases at an early stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mass screening typically involve?

    <p>Screening of an entire population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does targeted screening primarily focus on?

    <p>Screening of groups with specific exposures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by case-finding or opportunistic screening?

    <p>Screening patients when they are in a healthcare setting for a different reason.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'accuracy' of a screening test indicate?

    <p>How close the measured values are to the true value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'precision' in the context of screening tests?

    <p>The ability to consistently produce the same results in repeated tests, regardless of whether the value is true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the accuracy and precision of a screening test?

    <p>Precision is independent of accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module Code: CMT 04104

    • Module Name: Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Emergency Preparedness Answer Guide
    • Date: April, 2019
    • Time: 2:00 hours

    General Instructions

    • Integrity, authenticity, and devotion must be maintained throughout the marking process.
    • Carefully read all instructions for each section before marking.
    • If significant changes to the answer guide are required for mark adjustments, communication with the Academic Officer is necessary.
    • The final answer guide, along with any adjustments, must be submitted with the marking report to the Academic Office.
    • Markers must sign their answer booklets.
    • Responses to all sections must be written on the provided question paper.
    • Academic Officers will assign markers for each section to verify answers.
    • All marked papers should be packed, sealed, and stored in a secure location after marking.

    Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

    • Section A consists of 20 multiple-choice questions.

    • One mark is awarded for each correct answer.

    • Responses written in lowercase letters will not receive any marks.

    • Answer each question (i) to (x) by choosing the correct letter and writing it in the designated box using capital letters.

    • (i) Regarding Causes of epidemic:*

    • (B) Increase in density of vector species is a cause of epidemics.

    • (ii) Concerning Common Source Epidemic:*

    • (A) Occurs when a group of people are exposed to a common source of infection.

    • (iii) Management of Mass Casualties:*

    • (B) Search, Rescue, First Aid is the main area of mass casualty management.

    • (iv) Man-made Disaster Example:*

    • (A) Wars is an example of a Man-made disaster.

    • (v) Explanation of True Positives (TP):*

    • (D) Diseased individuals with a positive screening test are true positives.

    • (vi) Data Utilization:*

    • (C) Data utilization is the use of collected data to make decisions and monitor progress.

    • (vii) Risk Factor of a Disease:*

    • (C) A variable that increases a person's chances of developing a disease.

    • (viii) Study of Disease and its Causes:*

    • (A) Epidemiology is the study of disease and its causes.

    • (ix) Malaria in Tanzania:*

    • (C) Endemic disease is the term used to describe Malaria in Tanzania.

    • (x) Measures of Central Tendency:*

    • The measures of central tendency are not included in this section.

    Section B: Multiple True/False Questions

    • This section contains 4 questions with 5 options each.
    • Write TRUE or FALSE in the space provided after each option.
    • Correct statements should be marked with "TRUE", and incorrect statements with "FALSE".

    Section C: Matching Items

    • This section consists of two matching questions (with five options each).
    • Match items from column B with their corresponding explanations in column A.
    • Use capital letters to write the matched letters.
    • Each item from column B should only be used once.

    Section D: Short Answer Questions

    • This section has eight short answer questions.
    • Write your answers in the designated space on the paper.
    • Avoid messy or disorganized work.

    Section E: Guided Essay Questions

    • This section includes two questions requiring a narrative answer.

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    CAT I Epidemiology,Biostatistics And Emergency Preparedness Past Paper PDF April 2019

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Emergency Preparedness. It consists of multiple-choice questions designed to assess your understanding of the material. Ensure to carefully follow the guidelines provided for marking and response submission.

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