Biosensors (BT 440) Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the sensitivity of a biosensor refer to?

The maximum concentration of analyte that can be tolerated.

The ability of a biosensor to operate under various conditions.

The speed with which a biosensor provides results.

The minimum amount of analyte that can be detected. (correct)

Which attribute assesses the accuracy of the measured response in a biosensor?

Recovery time

Response time

Linearity (correct)

Stability

What must be evaluated when testing the performance of a biosensor?

The device’s function immediately after use and after storage. (correct)

The ethical implications of the biosensor in different regions.

The market demand for the biosensor.

The brand name of the biosensor components.

What is a critical consideration for the commercial application of a biosensor?

Stability and response after six months of storage. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge in biosensor research?

Identification of markets interested in specific analytes. Signup and view all the answers

What role does a bioreceptor play in a biosensor?

It specifically recognizes the analyte. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applications are commonly associated with biosensors?

Drug discovery Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a transducer in a biosensor?

To convert bio-recognition events into measurable signals. Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe a substance of interest that needs detection in a biosensor?

Analyte Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how biosensors generate signals?

By converting biological or chemical reactions into proportional signals. Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'biosensor'?

Cammann Signup and view all the answers

What does bio-recognition refer to in the context of biosensors?

The interaction that results in signal generation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT associated with the function of biosensors?

Social and economic development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of transducers is specifically categorized as an optical transducer?

Fluorescence transducer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of biorecognition systems in biosensors?

Specific interaction with target biomolecules Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT commonly used for the fabrication of biosensors?

Piezoelectric synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What does 'sensitivity' in biosensors refer to?

The smallest amount of analyte that can be detected reliably Signup and view all the answers

In which application would implantable sensors be most beneficial?

Long-term health monitoring in patients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is crucial for ensuring measurement consistency in biosensors?

Calibration Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transducer directly converts chemical concentration into a measurable electrical signal?

Potentiometric transducer Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge associated with the use of immunoreceptors in biosensors?

Immobilization of biomolecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the electronics in a biosensor?

To process the transduced signal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the display component of a biosensor?

A user interpretation system for data Signup and view all the answers

Which year did Leland C. Clark develop the amperometric enzyme electrode for glucose detection?

1962 Signup and view all the answers

What type of biosensor uses physical adsorption as a coupling mechanism?

Electrochemical biosensor Signup and view all the answers

What does the selectivity parameter in a biosensor refer to?

The detection of specific analytes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of biosensor is specifically known for its usage in detecting glucose?

Amperometric biosensor Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of reproducibility in a biosensor?

It shows the ability to provide consistent results Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following biosensors is categorized as an electrochemical biosensor?

Conductimetric biosensor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Overview

Course titled "Biosensors (BT 440)" is instructed by Dr. Ashish A Prabhu at NIT Warangal.
Covers various aspects of biosensors, focusing on their principles, technologies, and applications.

Syllabus Breakdown

Unit 1: General principles of biosensors, including signal transduction and key technical terms such as calibration and sensitivity.
Unit 2: Physico-chemical transducers such as electrochemical (amperometric, potentiometric), optical (absorption, fluorescence), thermal, and piezoelectric transducers.
Unit 3: Biorecognition systems utilizing enzymes, nucleic acids, lipids, receptors, and chemofunctional elements.
Unit 4: Techniques for biosensor fabrication such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), screen printing, photolithography, MEMS.
Unit 5: Mass production engineering concepts and modern sensor technology applications such as clinical chemistry and glucose monitoring.
Unit 6: Deployable applications like implantable sensors, environmental monitoring, food quality control, and forensic science.

Course Outcomes

Grasp biosensing and transducing techniques.
Understand linking cellular components with energy transduction.
Evaluate performance limitations of biosensors.
Apply engineering principles to design bioanalytical devices.

Biosensor Definition

A biosensor measures biological or chemical reactions and generates signals proportional to analyte concentration.
Common applications include disease monitoring, drug discovery, and pollution detection.

Key Terms

Analyte: The specific substance targeted for detection.
Bioreceptor: A molecule that specifically binds to the analyte, initiating a bio-recognition process.
Transducer: Converts bio-recognition events into measurable signals.
Signal Processor: Processes the transduced signal for user interpretation.
Display: Interfaces providing understandable output to the user.

Historical Milestones

1956: Leland C. Clark introduces biosensors for oxygen detection.
1962: Amperometric enzyme electrode developed for glucose detection.
1969: First potentiometric biosensor for urea detection.
1975: Launch of the first commercial biosensor by Yellow Spring Instruments.
1992: i-STAT releases the handheld blood biosensor.

Types of Biosensors

Resonant, optical, thermal, ion-sensitive, and electrochemical biosensors (including conductimetric, amperometric, and potentiometric).

Coupling Methods

Methods: Include membrane entrapment, physical adsorption, matrix entrapment, and covalent bonding.

Biosensor Performance Parameters

Selectivity: Ability to detect specific analyte amidst other substances.
Reproducibility: Consistency in response across identical experimental setups.
Stability: Durability against external disturbances.
Sensitivity: Minimum detectable analyte amount.
Linearity: Accuracy of measured response.
Response/Recovery Time: Time taken for the sensor to react and reset.
Working Lifetime: Duration the biosensor remains functional.

Applications of Biosensors

Extensively used in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and forensic investigations.

Research Challenges

Identifying viable market applications for specific analytes.
Ensuring advantages over existing analysis methods.
Assessing long-term performance and stability post-storage.
Addressing cost-effectiveness and ethical concerns regarding biosensor usage.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Biosensors (BT 440) with this quiz covering key principles, technologies, and applications. Explore various transducers, biorecognition systems, and biosensor fabrication techniques. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of modern biosensor applications.