Biosensors and Their Applications

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Questions and Answers

What type of signal does a pH sensor typically produce?

Electrochemical signal (correct)

Piezo-electrical signal

Voltage change signal

Optical signal

What is the primary function of a biological receptor in a biosensor?

To generate a voltage change in response to analyte presence

To selectively bind and respond to the target analyte (correct)

To convert the biochemical signal into a measurable signal

To provide stability to the biosensor device

What is a critical feature of a biosensor, ensuring reliable data production?

Selectivity

Reproducibility (correct)

Sensitivity

Stability

What is the minimum concentration of the target analyte that can elicit a measurable response?

Detection limit Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a biosensor detects and measures changes resulting from analyte-receptor interaction?

Transducer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a biological receptor in a glucose biosensor?

Glucose oxidase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of biosensor is best suited for detecting hybridized DNA?

Electrochemical biosensor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a biological receptor in a biosensor?

To recognize and bind with the target analyte Signup and view all the answers

What type of signal is generated by a potentiometric biosensor?

Electrical potential difference signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind mass-based biosensors?

Changes in mechanical force Signup and view all the answers

What is the response time of a biosensor?

The time taken to generate a signal following the interaction of the biological receptor with the target analyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a transducing element in a biosensor?

To transduce the signal into an electrical signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a bioreceptor in a biosensor?

To recognize the analyte and generate a signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the transducer in a biosensor?

To convert the bio-recognition event into a measurable signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of a biosensor?

An electrical signal Signup and view all the answers

What is bio-recognition in the context of biosensors?

The process of generating a signal upon interaction of the bioreceptor with the analyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a biosensor?

To convert a biological response into an electrical signal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biosensors

A biosensor is an analytical device that converts a biological response into an electrical signal, proportional to the concentration of an analyte in the reaction.
It consists of a biological receptor (e.g. tissue, microorganism, organelle, cell receptor, enzyme, antibody, or nucleic acid) and a transducer.
The biological receptor interacts with the target analyte, and the transducer converts the biochemical signal into a measurable and quantifiable signal.

Transducer

The transducer is responsible for converting the biochemical signal into a measurable signal.
The output signal can be piezo-electrical, optical, electrochemical, etc.
Examples of transducers include pH sensors, electrochemical sensors, and piezoelectric sensors.

Features of Biosensors

Selectivity: ability to selectively bind and respond only to the desired analyte.
Sensitivity: ability to generate a signal in response to small fluctuations in the concentration of the target analyte.
Stability: ability to resist change in its performance over a period of time in response to external factors.
Reproducibility: ability to produce reliable data.
Detection limit: lowest concentration of the target analyte that can elicit a measurable signal.
Response time: time taken by the biosensor to generate a signal or response following the interaction of the biological receptor with the target analyte.

Classification of Biosensors

Electrochemical biosensors: suitable for detecting hybridized DNA, DNA binding drugs, and glucose concentration.
Potentiometric biosensors: measure changes in pH and ion concentrations resulting from antigen/antibody interactions.
Conductometric biosensors: measure the electrical conductivity of the solution during a biochemical reaction.
Amperometric-based biosensors: detect changes in current potentials during redox reactions when antigen/antibody pairing occurs.
Mass-based biosensors: use piezoelectric biosensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), to produce an electrical signal when a mechanical force is applied.

Applications of Biosensors

Disease monitoring
Drug discovery
Detection of pollutants, disease-causing microorganisms, and markers in bodily fluids (blood, urine, saliva, sweat)

Basic Terminologies in Biosensors

Analyte: a substance of interest that needs detection.
Bioreceptor: a molecule that specifically recognizes the analyte.
Bio-recognition: the process of signal generation upon interaction of the bioreceptor with the analyte.
Transducer: an element that converts one form of energy into another.

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Description

Test your knowledge on biosensors, including their classification, types, and applications. Learn about electrochemical biosensors and their role in detecting DNA, glucose, and more.