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Questions and Answers
What type of signal does a pH sensor typically produce?
What type of signal does a pH sensor typically produce?
- Electrochemical signal (correct)
- Piezo-electrical signal
- Voltage change signal
- Optical signal
What is the primary function of a biological receptor in a biosensor?
What is the primary function of a biological receptor in a biosensor?
- To generate a voltage change in response to analyte presence
- To selectively bind and respond to the target analyte (correct)
- To convert the biochemical signal into a measurable signal
- To provide stability to the biosensor device
What is a critical feature of a biosensor, ensuring reliable data production?
What is a critical feature of a biosensor, ensuring reliable data production?
- Selectivity
- Reproducibility (correct)
- Sensitivity
- Stability
What is the minimum concentration of the target analyte that can elicit a measurable response?
What is the minimum concentration of the target analyte that can elicit a measurable response?
Which component of a biosensor detects and measures changes resulting from analyte-receptor interaction?
Which component of a biosensor detects and measures changes resulting from analyte-receptor interaction?
Which of the following is an example of a biological receptor in a glucose biosensor?
Which of the following is an example of a biological receptor in a glucose biosensor?
Which type of biosensor is best suited for detecting hybridized DNA?
Which type of biosensor is best suited for detecting hybridized DNA?
What is the primary function of a biological receptor in a biosensor?
What is the primary function of a biological receptor in a biosensor?
What type of signal is generated by a potentiometric biosensor?
What type of signal is generated by a potentiometric biosensor?
What is the principle behind mass-based biosensors?
What is the principle behind mass-based biosensors?
What is the response time of a biosensor?
What is the response time of a biosensor?
What is the primary function of a transducing element in a biosensor?
What is the primary function of a transducing element in a biosensor?
What is the primary function of a bioreceptor in a biosensor?
What is the primary function of a bioreceptor in a biosensor?
What is the role of the transducer in a biosensor?
What is the role of the transducer in a biosensor?
What is the output of a biosensor?
What is the output of a biosensor?
What is bio-recognition in the context of biosensors?
What is bio-recognition in the context of biosensors?
What is the function of a biosensor?
What is the function of a biosensor?
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Study Notes
Biosensors
- A biosensor is an analytical device that converts a biological response into an electrical signal, proportional to the concentration of an analyte in the reaction.
- It consists of a biological receptor (e.g. tissue, microorganism, organelle, cell receptor, enzyme, antibody, or nucleic acid) and a transducer.
- The biological receptor interacts with the target analyte, and the transducer converts the biochemical signal into a measurable and quantifiable signal.
Transducer
- The transducer is responsible for converting the biochemical signal into a measurable signal.
- The output signal can be piezo-electrical, optical, electrochemical, etc.
- Examples of transducers include pH sensors, electrochemical sensors, and piezoelectric sensors.
Features of Biosensors
- Selectivity: ability to selectively bind and respond only to the desired analyte.
- Sensitivity: ability to generate a signal in response to small fluctuations in the concentration of the target analyte.
- Stability: ability to resist change in its performance over a period of time in response to external factors.
- Reproducibility: ability to produce reliable data.
- Detection limit: lowest concentration of the target analyte that can elicit a measurable signal.
- Response time: time taken by the biosensor to generate a signal or response following the interaction of the biological receptor with the target analyte.
Classification of Biosensors
- Electrochemical biosensors: suitable for detecting hybridized DNA, DNA binding drugs, and glucose concentration.
- Potentiometric biosensors: measure changes in pH and ion concentrations resulting from antigen/antibody interactions.
- Conductometric biosensors: measure the electrical conductivity of the solution during a biochemical reaction.
- Amperometric-based biosensors: detect changes in current potentials during redox reactions when antigen/antibody pairing occurs.
- Mass-based biosensors: use piezoelectric biosensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), to produce an electrical signal when a mechanical force is applied.
Applications of Biosensors
- Disease monitoring
- Drug discovery
- Detection of pollutants, disease-causing microorganisms, and markers in bodily fluids (blood, urine, saliva, sweat)
Basic Terminologies in Biosensors
- Analyte: a substance of interest that needs detection.
- Bioreceptor: a molecule that specifically recognizes the analyte.
- Bio-recognition: the process of signal generation upon interaction of the bioreceptor with the analyte.
- Transducer: an element that converts one form of energy into another.
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