40 Questions
What is the main function of the skeletal muscle in the lips and cheeks?
To keep food between the teeth when we chew
What is the function of the hard palate?
To aid in the manipulation of food
What is the function of the papillae on the surface of the tongue?
To house taste buds
What is the main component of saliva?
Water
What stimulates the secretion of the major salivary glands?
The presence of food in the mouth
What type of neurons mostly control salivation?
Parasympathetic neurons
What is the function of the teeth?
To tear and grind food
What is the primary function of the alimentary canal?
Digestion and absorption of food
What is the function of the premolars and molars?
To grind food
What is the term for the movement of food through the GI tract?
Propulsion
What is the purpose of the accessory digestive organs?
To aid in mechanical breakdown and produce specialized secretions
What is the term for the process of breaking down food into its chemical components?
Digestion
What is the term for the movement of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph?
Absorption
What is the term for the elimination of indigestible substances from the body?
Defecation
What is the term for the double layer of peritoneum that extends to the digestive organs from the body wall?
Mesentery
Where are the retroperitoneal organs located?
Posterior to the mesentery
What is the primary function of hepatocytes?
Storage of fat-soluble vitamins and detoxification
What is the main function of the gallbladder?
Storage and concentration of bile
What is the composition of pancreatic juice?
Enzymes and bicarbonate ions
What activates trypsinogen to trypsin?
Duodenal enteropeptidase
What is the site of delivery of bile and pancreatic juice to the intestine?
Duodenal wall
What is the primary site of digestion and absorption?
Small intestine
What is the function of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
Absorption of nutrients
What is the composition of intestinal juice?
Water and mucus
What is the primary function of gastric acid in the digestive process?
To denature proteins in preparation for enzyme digestion
What is the role of intrinsic factor in the digestive process?
To prepare vitamin B12 for absorption in the intestine
What is the primary mechanism of gastric acid secretion?
The release of H+ ions from parietal cells via proton pumps
What is the term used to describe the increase in pH of blood leaving the stomach?
The alkaline tide
What is the primary function of the enteric pacemaker cells in the stomach?
To establish the stomach's basic electrical rhythm of peristaltic waves
What determines the rate at which the stomach empties?
The contents of the stomach and the processing in the small intestine
What is the structure that anchors the liver to the diaphragm?
The falciform ligament
What is the functional unit of the liver composed of?
Plates of liver cells surrounding a central vein
What is the primary function of the feedback mechanisms controlling the rate of gastric emptying?
To prevent excessive water loss to the intestinal lumen
What is the primary function of the migrating motor complexes in the intestine?
To move remnants toward the large intestine
What is the primary function of the gastroileal reflex in the large intestine?
To allow chyme to enter the cecum
What is the primary function of the gut bacteria in the large intestine?
To digest food residues and produce vitamins
What is the primary function of the haustral contractions in the large intestine?
To mix residues and facilitate water absorption
What is the primary function of the mass movements in the large intestine?
To force feces into the rectum and initiate the defecation reflex
What is the primary function of the thick mucosa in the large intestine?
To produce mucus and protect the epithelial lining
What is the primary function of the crypts in the large intestine?
To produce mucus and protect the epithelial lining
This quiz covers the digestive system organs, including the alimentary canal and accessory organs. Learn about the functions of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, as well as the roles of the teeth, tongue, and other accessory organs.
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