BIOS256 Exam 1: Digestive System

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What is the main function of the skeletal muscle in the lips and cheeks?

To initiate swallowing
To keep food between the teeth when we chew (correct)
To aid in speech production
To assist in the manipulation of food

What is the function of the hard palate?

To aid in the manipulation of food (correct)
To reposition food when chewing
To initiate swallowing
To aid in speech production

What is the function of the papillae on the surface of the tongue?

To aid in speech production
To initiate swallowing
To house taste buds (correct)
To produce saliva

What is the main component of saliva?

Water (A) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the secretion of the major salivary glands?

The presence of food in the mouth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons mostly control salivation?

Parasympathetic neurons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the teeth?

To tear and grind food (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alimentary canal?

Digestion and absorption of food (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the premolars and molars?

To grind food (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of food through the GI tract?

Propulsion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the accessory digestive organs?

To aid in mechanical breakdown and produce specialized secretions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down food into its chemical components?

Digestion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph?

Absorption (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the elimination of indigestible substances from the body?

Defecation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the double layer of peritoneum that extends to the digestive organs from the body wall?

Mesentery (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the retroperitoneal organs located?

Posterior to the mesentery (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hepatocytes?

Storage of fat-soluble vitamins and detoxification (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the gallbladder?

Storage and concentration of bile (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of pancreatic juice?

Enzymes and bicarbonate ions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What activates trypsinogen to trypsin?

Duodenal enteropeptidase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of delivery of bile and pancreatic juice to the intestine?

Duodenal wall (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of digestion and absorption?

Small intestine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Absorption of nutrients (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of intestinal juice?

Water and mucus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gastric acid in the digestive process?

To denature proteins in preparation for enzyme digestion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intrinsic factor in the digestive process?

To prepare vitamin B12 for absorption in the intestine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of gastric acid secretion?

The release of H+ ions from parietal cells via proton pumps (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the increase in pH of blood leaving the stomach?

The alkaline tide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enteric pacemaker cells in the stomach?

To establish the stomach's basic electrical rhythm of peristaltic waves (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the rate at which the stomach empties?

The contents of the stomach and the processing in the small intestine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that anchors the liver to the diaphragm?

The falciform ligament (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the liver composed of?

Plates of liver cells surrounding a central vein (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the feedback mechanisms controlling the rate of gastric emptying?

To prevent excessive water loss to the intestinal lumen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the migrating motor complexes in the intestine?

To move remnants toward the large intestine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gastroileal reflex in the large intestine?

To allow chyme to enter the cecum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gut bacteria in the large intestine?

To digest food residues and produce vitamins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the haustral contractions in the large intestine?

To mix residues and facilitate water absorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mass movements in the large intestine?

To force feces into the rectum and initiate the defecation reflex (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thick mucosa in the large intestine?

To produce mucus and protect the epithelial lining (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the crypts in the large intestine?

To produce mucus and protect the epithelial lining (B) Signup and view all the answers