Bioreactor Optimization Essentials

The essential guidelines for optimizing a ______ are:

The culture volume should remain constant to avoid ______ or evaporation.

The dissolved oxygen level must be maintained above critical levels of ______ and culture agitation for aerobic organisms.

The bioreactor should be designed to exclude entrance of ______ microorganisms as well as containing the desired organisms.

The impellers have a ______ diameter of the vessel.

Air passes into the culture medium through a single ______ from the tube attached externally.

The ___________ bed fermentor is a type of bioreactor that has a cylindrical vessel and a packed bed with biocatalysts.

The ___________ portion of the fluidized bed fermentor is more expanded.

The ___________ allows the passage of oxygen in a bioreactor.

The solid matrix in a packed bed fermentor should be ___________ or non-porous.

The ___________ bed fermentor has internal liquid circulation channels that enable continuous circulatory motion of the medium.

The fluidized bed fermentor is designed to retain the ___________ inside the vessel and allow the liquid to flow out.

The carbon dioxide released by the use of biofuels was removed from the atmosphere by ______,

Biofuels are ______ burning and reduce emissions of particulate matter,

Perennial cellulosic feedstocks like fast-growing trees and grasses require few ______,

The most common use for biofuels is ______ transport (for example E10 fuel).

The greatest technical challenge is to develop ways to convert ______ energy specifically to liquid fuels.

To grow plants that (naturally) produce ______, such as algae, or jatropha.

Saccharomyces yeasts have been genetically engineered to ferment ______, one of the major fermentable sugars present in cellulosic biomasses.

Under ______ conditions (low oxygen concentrations), many organisms, including yeast, obtain the energy from the process of fermentation.

In alcoholic fermentation, characteristic of many yeast species, the fermentation process starts with one molecule of the ______ sugar- glucose.

The CO2 released in the process, dissolves in water and form a ______ acid.

In ______ solutions, the dissolution of CO2 in water decreases then released to the air.

The process of respiration involves the oxidation of organic substances by ______ oxygen.

The conversion of biomass into biofuel can be achieved by ______ methods

One of the main end-products of biomass conversion is ______

Materials with high water content are normally processed through ______ methods

The technical processing of biomass depends on the ______ level of the material

Plants need ______ to grow

Materials with low water content can be burnt to give ______ or to generate steam for the production of electricity