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What are the different modes of bioreactors and why is it important to know them?
Bioreactors have different modes such as batch, fed-batch, cyclic fed-batch, continuous (chemostat), and continuous (perfusion). It is important to know them because each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of product yield, productivity, and quality.
What are the target parameters for bioreactors and why are they important?
The target parameters for bioreactors include volumetric productivity, yields, product titer, doubling time, and residence time. They are important because they help to optimize the bioreactor conditions and ensure the best possible product quality and quantity.
What are the different types of bioreactors and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
The different types of bioreactors include air lift, photobioreactors, bubble column, wave, and stirred tank with radial and/or axial impellers. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, scalability, and ease of use.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using mammalian cells in biomanufacturing?
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What are the critical factors that must be characterized for cell lines in biomanufacturing?
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What are the different stages of biomanufacturing trains?
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What are the critical process parameters for biomanufacturing and why are they important?
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What are the different types of therapeutic antibodies and how are they produced?
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What is the difference between biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals?
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What are the different types of media that can be used for cell culture and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
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Study Notes
- Bioreactors have different modes: batch, fed-batch, cyclic fed-batch, continuous (chemostat), and continuous (perfusion).
- Target parameters for bioreactors include volumetric productivity, yields, product titer, doubling time, and residence time.
- Bioreactor types include air lift, photobioreactors, bubble column, wave, and stirred tank with radial and/or axial impellers.
- Mammalian cells have advantages such as glycophosphylation and easier purification, but are more expensive and have longer processing times.
- Cell lines can be grown in finite or infinite cultures, and must be characterized for identity, stability, and purity.
- Biomanufacturing trains have different stages: seed train, expansion train, and production train.
- Critical process parameters for biomanufacturing include biological, physiological, physiochemical, and product-related factors.
- Therapeutic antibodies can be polyclonal, monoclonal, recombinant, antibody drug conjugates, bi-specific, or antibody fragments.
- Biopharmaceuticals are generally proteins produced using live cells, while pharmaceuticals are small molecules produced through chemical synthesis.
- Different types of media can be used for cell culture, including defined, non-defined, serum-free, and protein-free.
- DOT refers to dissolved oxygen tension and should be maintained above 20%
- KLa is the oxygen transfer coefficient and can be increased by increasing stirrer speed and removing anti foam agent
- High KLa values can result in wear and flooding
- C* is the oxygen saturation in liquid and can be increased by using pure O2 or reducing dissolved O2
- T25 refers to a 25cm2 flask
- CIP/SIP refers to clean in place and steam in place cleaning methods
- High KLa values require high power and high gas velocity
- Pure O2 can be used to increase oxygen saturation in liquid
- Removing anti foam agent can increase KLa
- Increasing stirrer speed can increase KLa.
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