8 Questions
According to Wade and Halligan, illness and health are the result of an interaction between which factors?
Biological, psychological, and social factors
Who is credited with proposing the biopsychosocial model?
George L. Engel
What does the biopsychosocial model emphasize?
The interplay among causal forces
According to Engel, why is the biomedical approach flawed?
It neglects the role of the mind in illness
Which organization adopted the biopsychosocial model as a basis for the International Classification of Function (ICF)?
World Health Organization (WHO)
According to the biopsychosocial approach, what factor is important in shaping parenting behaviors directed toward children's emotions?
Parents' physiological regulatory functioning
What is the purpose of the biopsychosocial model proposed by Engel?
To better understand health and illness
Which of the following best describes resilience?
The ability to quickly recover from adversity
Study Notes
Definition of Stress
- Stress can be a stimulus event, a process for understanding the stimulus, and a reaction to the event.
- Stress can cause biological responses (e.g., sweaty palms, racing heart) and psychological responses (e.g., nervousness, difficulty concentrating).
Types of Stressors
- Environmental stressors can be grouped into four categories:
- Major Life Events (e.g., breakup, marriage, having a baby)
- Life Transitions (e.g., puberty, transition to high school)
- Daily Hassles (e.g., family arguments, waiting in line)
- Disasters (e.g., car accident, computer crash)
Physiological vs Psychological Stress
- Some stress is adaptive and can give us an edge (e.g., increased focus, quick reaction).
- Physiological stressors (e.g., adrenaline, cortisol) can prepare our body for "fight or flight".
- Psychological stressors (e.g., dating, exams, deadlines) can lead to overload and negatively impact our health.
Acute vs Chronic Stress
- Acute stressors are time-limited (e.g., upcoming test, family gathering) and trigger a "fight or flight" response.
- Chronic stressors are persistent (e.g., chronic illness, poverty, racial discrimination) and can lead to burnout.
Coping and Stress
- Coping involves efforts to manage demands that exceed our resources.
- Coping styles include:
- Problem-focused (e.g., taking direct action, planning)
- Emotion-focused (e.g., expressing feelings, emotional release)
- Seeking understanding (e.g., finding meaning, perspective)
- Seeking help (e.g., using others as a resource)
- Avoiding (e.g., staying away from the problem)
Coping Strategies
- Strategies can be adaptive (effective) or maladaptive (ineffective or harmful).
- Examples of adaptive strategies include:
- Shift-and-Persist (e.g., recognizing stress, engaging in emotional regulation, practicing self-distancing)
- Problem-solving and planning
- Emotional expression and regulation
- Seeking help and support
Resilience
- Resilience is the ability to maintain or develop healthy outcomes despite adversity.
- Traits found to characterize resilience include:
- Creativity
- Effectiveness
- Competence
- Ability to relate well to others
- Community resilience involves the collective ability of a group to deal with change or adversity effectively.
Posttraumatic Growth
- Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a concept that refers to the experience of psychological growth after trauma.
- PTG is separate and distinct from resilience.
Test your knowledge of biopsychosocial models and their impact on various aspects of human life, from development to health and conflict.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
