Biopsy Procedures Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a biopsy?

  • To treat infections
  • To monitor blood pressure
  • To remove benign tumors
  • To diagnose cancer (correct)

Which type of needle biopsy uses a thin, hollow needle?

  • Core Needle Biopsy
  • Fine Needle Biopsy (correct)
  • Exploratory Biopsy
  • Excisional Biopsy

How can specimens for cytological analysis be obtained?

  • Using brushes and washings (correct)
  • Using sutures
  • Using electrocution
  • Using injections

What is one method used to perform a core needle biopsy?

<p>Ultrasound-guided incision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the histopathological analysis of a biopsy?

<p>Microscopic examination of the cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one situation where a biopsy might serve as a treatment?

<p>To treat cancerous tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does imaging play in needle biopsies?

<p>To guide the placement of the needle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a method of obtaining biopsy tissue?

<p>Using fine needle aspiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of needle biopsy compared to other biopsy methods?

<p>It provides quick results and is inexpensive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could necessitate an open biopsy instead of a needle biopsy?

<p>The entire lump cannot be removed with a needle biopsy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for performing a biopsy?

<p>Significant coagulopathy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason needle biopsy might be chosen as a method?

<p>It is a non-surgical procedure that can accurately sample tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of needle biopsy?

<p>In situ cancer may not be distinguishable from invasive cancer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group experiences the highest level of oral health problems?

<p>Poor children and older Americans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common barrier to accessing oral health care for vulnerable populations?

<p>Lack of transportation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage are individuals likely to begin experiencing multiple health problems during aging?

<p>Old (75 to 84 years) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can influence the utilization of oral health care among racial and ethnic minority groups?

<p>Cultural values and awareness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between oral health and overall health?

<p>Good oral health is linked to improved cardiovascular conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can lead to a lack of circulation throughout the body as a result of narrowed arteries?

<p>Heart defect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by progressive weakening of the lower extremities and muscle weakness?

<p>Multiple sclerosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with patients who have cardiac disease or a prosthetic replacement?

<p>Higher likelihood of infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is endocarditis primarily caused by?

<p>Infection by bloodborne pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment plan modification is recommended for a wheelchair-bound patient?

<p>Extra time for procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes a stroke or cerebrovascular accident?

<p>Sudden vascular lesion of the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with severe loss of central nervous system function?

<p>Stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Alzheimer disease?

<p>Deterioration of mental capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes diabetes mellitus?

<p>Sustained high blood glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment-plan modification is NOT recommended for patients with hypothyroidism?

<p>Prolonging the appointments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diabetes is characterized by insulin dependence?

<p>Type 1 disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hemophilia, what is the primary reason for scheduling appointments for midmorning?

<p>To minimize stress and manage bleeding risks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a psychological condition that involves a feeling of impending disaster?

<p>Anxiety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment modification is important for patients with diabetes mellitus?

<p>Setting morning appointments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of leukemia?

<p>An excessive increase in the number of white blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided for a patient with hypothyroidism?

<p>Hot and humid appointments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional state is primarily associated with depression?

<p>Feelings of general emotional rejection and withdrawal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT characteristic of the lesion mentioned in the patient history?

<p>Tender on palpation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor for the patient that might complicate treatment decisions?

<p>Tobacco use for over 20 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of benign tumor is most often related to chronic irritation?

<p>Fibroma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach should be taken when communicating with hearing-impaired patients?

<p>Facing the patient while speaking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the addition of fluoride supplements and salivary substitutes important in the described treatment plan?

<p>To manage xerostomia effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary challenge associated with gaining informed consent from physically compromised patients?

<p>Their understanding of treatment procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these benign tumors is typically painless and slow-growing?

<p>Pleomorphic adenoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biopsy

A procedure to remove tissue sample for examination.

Needle Biopsy

A biopsy using a needle to extract tissue/cells.

Fine Needle Biopsy

A needle biopsy using a thin needle in the office to obtain sample

Core Needle Biopsy

A needle biopsy with a thicker needle to get a wider sample.

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Biopsy Purpose

Primarily to diagnose cancer but it can also be a treatment to remove the cancer.

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Cytology

Cell analysis of specimens to look for abnormalities.

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Biopsy Methods

Biopsies can be done using forceps, suction or needles.

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Diagnosis Using a Biopsy

Biopsy is the first step in diagnosing and treating a lump.

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Needle biopsy indications

Used to determine if cancer is present and if it can be removed entirely.

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Needle biopsy advantages

Simple, accurate, quick, and inexpensive procedure to remove tissue sample.

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Needle biopsy disadvantages

May not remove the entire lump, may need specialist for results, and might not diagnose in-situ cancers.

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Open biopsy procedure

Surgical procedure where a skin incision is made to remove tissue.

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Biopsy contraindications

Conditions like significant coagulopathy (blood clotting issues) may prevent biopsy.

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Vulnerable Populations

Groups who are significantly affected by poor oral health due to factors like poverty, lack of access to care, or cultural beliefs.

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Oral Health Disparities

Unequal distribution of oral health issues across different populations, often linked to socioeconomic factors.

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Aging Population & Oral Health

As people age, they experience changes that can impact their oral health, including tooth loss, gum disease, and difficulty maintaining oral hygiene.

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Cultural Influence on Oral Health

Cultural values and beliefs can influence oral health practices and attitudes towards dental care.

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Oral Health is Integral to Overall Health

Good oral health connects to overall well-being and can affect conditions such as heart disease.

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Poor Circulation Causes

Reduced blood flow throughout the body can be caused by narrowed arteries, heart muscle damage, high blood pressure, heart valve problems, heart defects, or infections of the heart valve or muscle.

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Cardiac Disease Risk

Patients with heart disease or artificial heart valves have an increased risk of infection from bacteria in the bloodstream.

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Endocarditis

A serious infection of the heart valves and structures caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream from places like the mouth or intestines.

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Multiple Sclerosis

A progressive nervous system disorder causing weakness and paralysis in the lower limbs due to nerve damage.

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MS Treatment Modifications

Treatment plans for patients with MS may include medications to relax muscles and additional time during procedures.

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Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)

A loss of brain function caused by a sudden blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.

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Stroke Treatment Modifications

Patients with a history of stroke may need appointments scheduled in the mid-morning with extra time allocated.

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Alzheimer's Disease

A brain disorder that causes a decline in mental abilities, including memory and thinking skills.

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Hypothyroid

An underactive thyroid gland that produces fewer hormones.

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Hypothyroid Treatment

Medical consultation is essential. Patients are highly sensitive to epinephrine and other 'amine' anesthetics.

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Diabetes Mellitus

A disease characterized by high blood glucose, caused by a lack of insulin.

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Type 1 Diabetes

The patient is insulin dependent.

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Type 2 Diabetes

Controlled with diet and oral medications.

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Leukemia

An excessive increase in the number of white blood cells.

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Hemophilia

A disease marked by excessive bleeding due to a lack of clotting protein.

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Anxiety

A feeling of impending disaster

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What is Depression?

A condition of general emotional rejection and withdrawal, characterized by prolonged sadness, loss of interest, and feelings of hopelessness.

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What is Schizophrenia?

A mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, and behavior, including delusions, hallucinations, and impaired reality testing.

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What is Xerostomia?

Dryness of the mouth caused by insufficient saliva production.

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Why is informed consent difficult in certain patients?

Patients with certain conditions, such as cognitive impairment, may have difficulty understanding and consenting to treatment plans.

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What is a wheelchair-bound patient?

A patient who requires a wheelchair for mobility due to physical limitations.

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How to Approach a Vision-impaired patient?

Focus on verbal communication, use tactile cues, and provide clear and concise instructions.

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How to Approach a Hearing-impaired patient?

Face them directly, speak slowly, simplify directions, and provide written instructions.

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What is a Fibroma?

A benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue, often related to chronic irritation.

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Study Notes

Biopsy Procedures

  • A biopsy is a procedure that removes a sample of cells or tissue for examination.
  • Cells/tissue are examined under a microscope to check for cancer.
  • Biopsies help diagnose diseases and can be used as a treatment.

Needle Biopsy

  • A needle biopsy uses a needle to remove tissue or cells from a lump or organ.
  • Two types: fine needle and core needle biopsy.
  • Fine needle: thin hollow needle removes a tissue sample.
  • Core needle: thicker needle removes a core of tissue.
  • Typically done in a doctor's office.
  • Uses imaging (e.g., ultrasound or mammography).
  • Often used as a quick, less invasive procedure.

Open Biopsy

  • A surgical procedure that removes tissue by opening the skin.
  • Surgical procedure to remove an entire lump.
  • More complex procedure than a needle biopsy.
  • May be necessary if entire lump is needed for testing.

Indications for Biopsy

  • Diagnosing cancer.
  • Determining if a lesion is cancerous or benign.
  • Removing entire cancer (if possible) as treatment.

Contraindications for Biopsy

  • Significant coagulopathy (a tendency to bleed).
  • Some medications (e.g., aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel) may not be stopped.
  • Patient's overall health.

Cytology

  • Specimens for cell culture or cytological analysis are obtained, sometimes using brushes, tubes, and washings.

Lump Detection

  • A biopsy is often the first step in diagnosis and treatment when a lump is found.
  • Can be a diagnostic procedure or a treatment.

Advantages of Needle Biopsy

  • Simple procedure, no major surgery.
  • Fast, only a few minutes to complete.
  • Less painful than open procedures.
  • Doesn't require a hospital stay.
  • Relatively inexpensive.
  • Quick results.

Disadvantages of Needle Biopsy

  • Doesn't remove the entire lump.
  • In some cases, an open biopsy could be necessary.
  • A specialist may need to read the results.

Procedures (Punch, Shave, Incisional, Excisional)

  • Punch biopsy: Removes a small cylindrical sample of skin or other tissue. Used for small lesions, possibly suspect melanoma.
  • Shave biopsy: Removes a thin slice of tissue from a raised lesion. Useful for removing skin lesions.
  • Incisional biopsy: Removes a portion of the lesion. Used for larger lesions which need partial removal.
  • Excisional biopsy: Removes the entire lesion and some surrounding tissue. Used for complete tissue removal.

Specimen Processing Steps

  • Specimens are typically fixed in formalin.
  • Gross examination and sampling.
  • Fixation, decalcification, dehydration.
  • Clearing, infiltration.
  • Staining and mounting.
  • Microscopic examination (e.g., H&E staining, Immunofluorescence).

Additional Notes

  • Informed consent is usually required.
  • Coagulopathy is a condition that affects the ability of blood to clot, needing careful consideration before some procedures.
  • Allergies to anesthetics should be reported and addressed before a procedure.

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Related Documents

Biopsy Procedures and Techniques PDF

Description

This quiz covers the essential procedures involved in biopsies, including needle and open biopsy techniques. Learn the indications for conducting biopsies and the significance in diagnosing diseases such as cancer. This quiz will enhance your understanding of how biopsies are performed and their importance in medical diagnostics.

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