Biophysics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which blood vessels have the highest pressure and vascular resistance?

  • Veins
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Arteries (correct)
  • Pulmonary arteries

    • What is the primary goal of the pulmonary circulation?

  • To carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
  • To carry metabolic waste products from the tissues to their point of elimination
  • To carry nutrients from the digestive tract to the tissues
  • To carry carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs (correct)

    • Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Veins
  • Arteries
  • Pulmonary veins (correct)

    • During exercise, what happens to cardiac output?

    <p>Increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of redistributing blood flow during times of increased activity?

    <p>To ensure blood is directed to areas with greater metabolic need (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels receive output from the left ventricle and branch into numerous parallel vascular circuits?

    <p>Arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vascular system carries nutrients from the digestive tract to the tissues?

    <p>Arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of veins compared to arteries?

    <p>Veins have lower compliance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about blood flow velocity and cross-sectional area?

    <p>Blood flow velocity and cross-sectional area are inversely related (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of slow blood velocity in capillaries?

    <p>Allows for exchange of water and bloodborne substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important function of nitric oxide (NO) in the vascular system?

    <p>Maintains vessel patency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction that accompanies atherosclerosis?

    <p>Decreased nitric oxide production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site of atherosclerosis in the arterial system?

    <p>Coronary arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial event that triggers the process of plaque formation in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Endothelial cell injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of blood vessels contains concentric layers of smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Tunica media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels have uniquely thin walls composed of only endothelial cells and basement membrane?

    <p>Capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels branch into arterioles and represent the primary site of systemic vascular resistance?

    <p>Arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells form a barrier that contains blood within the lumen of the vessel and control the passage of solutes and cells?

    <p>Endothelial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substances are secreted by endothelial cells and modulate the contraction of smooth muscle cells in the underlying medial layer?

    <p>Both vasodilators and vasoconstrictors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels have much thicker walls compared with veins and can withstand higher pressures?

    <p>Arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels stretch under pressure and have an abundance of elastic fibers that stretch during systole and return to their original shape during diastole?

    <p>Arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of vulnerable plaques?

    <p>They can cause rapid expansion of the plaque (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in atherosclerosis?

    <p>They degrade the fibrous cap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of a ruptured plaque?

    <p>It heals with fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of endothelial cells overlying the plaque?

    <p>They synthesize nitric oxide and prostacyclin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of neovascularization in atherosclerosis?

    <p>It supplies blood vessels to the plaque (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerosis?

    <p>They degrade the fibrous cap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of thin cap fibroatheroma in atherosclerosis?

    <p>It has superficial microcalcifications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitric oxide and prostacyclin in atherosclerosis?

    <p>They have diminished synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imaging technique can be used to detect features of atherosclerosis?

    <p>Optical coherence tomography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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