Biophysics PHS1103 Freshman Exam

Time is measured in seconds in both the F.P.S. (foot-pound-second) and M.K.S. (meter-kilogram-second) systems of units.

Generally, a higher atomic mass corresponds to a higher density for an element.

Velocity is measured in length divided by time (LT⁻¹); momentum is measured in mass times length divided by time (MLT⁻¹).

Vectors with the same magnitude and direction are considered equal.

The object with a smaller base of support has less stability against toppling.

Muscles, constructed from thousands of parallel fibers, have relatively consistent, lesser variability in force output.

The back-neck movement can be considered a class 2 lever.

Wavelength describes the distance from one crest to the next of a wave. It is not the number of waves passing a point per second.

The period is the time to complete one vibration, and frequency is the reciprocal of the period.

Pitch corresponds with frequency and loudness with amplitude.

Sound speed decreases with a decrease in the medium's density; higher density typically means higher speed for sound waves.

Sound production is often connected to the respiratory system. Frequency is determined by vocal cord tension and larynx size.

The speed of sound (approximately 343 m/s under normal conditions) depends on temperature, humidity, and the medium through which it travels.

The frequency of a sound wave detected by an observer moving towards a stationary source. Formula: f' = f * ((v + vo) / v).

Frequency heard by a moving source when reflecting off a moving object. Formula: f'' = f * ((v + v_bat) / (v - v_bat)) * ((v - v_reflector) / (v + v_reflector)).

Liquids with higher density tend to sink beneath liquids with lower density when mixed.

Diesel has a density of approximately 860 kg/m³.

Relative density of LPG is 5.5.

Pressure is measured in Pascals (Pa) or N/m².

If force is constant, pressure is inversely proportional to the area.

For incompressible fluids, fluid velocity in a pipe is inversely proportional to the pipe's cross-sectional area if flow rate is constant.

Turbulent blood flow can be caused by slow blood flow or obstructions in vessels.

Resistance to blood flow when the heart is relaxed.

Arm position affects blood pressure readings from the brachial artery.

Time is considered a fundamental quantity in physics.

Luminous intensity is measured in Candela (cd).

If the atomic mass of iron is 56 g/mol and Avogadro's number is 6.02 x 10²³ atoms/mol, the mass of one iron atom is approximately 9.27 x 10^-23 g.

The speed at which water moves through a pipe.

Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid and the container.

A blood pressure reading indicating low blood pressure.

Torque is the rotational equivalent of force. It's calculated as the force applied multiplied by the lever arm (the perpendicular distance from the pivot point to the line of action of the force).

A measure of the amount of matter in an object, expressed in grams (g)

Mass per unit volume; a measure of how tightly packed matter is.

The range of frequencies audible to humans is typically between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.

The velocity of a wave is equal to the product of its frequency and wavelength.

Combining vectors by adding their components (horizontal and vertical).

Sound intensity in decibels (dB) is a logarithmic scale that compares a sound's intensity to a reference intensity.

Length or size of a vector, calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

As a buzzer falls, the frequency heard by the observer on the balloon changes due to the Doppler effect.

Angle a vector makes with a reference axis (often the x-axis).

A scalar value calculated by multiplying corresponding components and adding them.

Pressure increases with depth in a fluid due to the weight of the fluid above.

The force exerted by atmospheric pressure on a surface is the product of pressure and area.

A vector quantity calculated by multiplying the magnitudes of the vectors and the sine of the angle between them.

Ideal fluids are incompressible; steady flows that are independent of time and possess no viscosity(a measure of friction in a fluid or gas).

A measure of the force that tends to cause rotation.

Different arrangements of levers based on the relative positions of the fulcrum, force, and load.

A state where the net force and net torque on an object are zero.

The ratio of output force to input force in a machine.

The point where the weight of an object can be considered to act.

Newton (N)

Newton-meter (N⋅m)