Biomolecules: Levels of Organization Quiz

Study Notes

Cellulose: Primary structural component in plant cell walls, providing rigidity and support.
Animal-based Fats: Primarily saturated fats, which are solid at room temperature and commonly found in animal products.
Proteins: Essential for numerous bodily functions, including building and repairing tissues, transporting molecules, and regulating biochemical reactions.
Hydrophobic Biomolecule: Lipids are primarily hydrophobic and do not dissolve in water.

Unique Element in Proteins: Nitrogen is present in proteins but absent in lipids and carbohydrates.
Function of Carbohydrates: Serve as a primary energy source and structural materials in cells.
Most Common Organic Molecule: Glucose, a simple sugar vital for energy metabolism.
Carbohydrate Element Ratio: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Carbohydrate Formation in Liver: Glycogen is synthesized and stored in the liver for energy.
Starch Function: Acts as an energy storage molecule in plants.

Reaction Requirements: Molecules, atoms, or ions must collide with sufficient energy for a reaction to occur.
Transition State Theory: States that reactants must pass through a high-energy, short-lived transition state to be converted into products.
Exothermic Reactions: Release energy during bond formation, often resulting in a temperature increase.

Exothermic vs. Endothermic: Exothermic reactions release energy, while endothermic reactions absorb energy.
Heat of Reaction: Determines the difference in energy between reactants and products; exothermic has lower energy products than reactants, while endothermic has higher.
Reactant Concentration Impact: Increasing reactant concentration raises the rate of reaction due to more frequent collisions.
Temperature Effect: Higher temperatures typically increase reaction rates by providing more energy for collisions.
Surface Area Influence: A larger surface area of reactants enhances the reaction rate due to increased exposure and collisions.