Biomolecules and Their Functions

<p>Cosmetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By offering flavor and protecting against spoilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthetic biology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutraceuticals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15.4% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonessential amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptides are chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential amino acids must be obtained from dietary sources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tertiary structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The majority of amino acids have a chiral center at their α-carbon atom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condensation reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of a single carbon chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycosidic bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maltose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear or branched (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The type of functional group present (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables customized medical treatments based on genetic profiles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have multiple monosaccharide units joined together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By illustrating their importance in vaccine innovation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cx(H2O)y (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved delivery methods for therapeutic nucleic acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detecting pollutants and assessing environmental conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nanomaterials. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of biofuels and pharmaceuticals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing and transmitting genetic information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enable optimization of treatment outcomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single strand with ribose sugar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced nutritional content. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uracil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing genetic information as the organism's blueprint. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in developing desirable characteristics in plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogenous base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form a double helix structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stores the genetic blueprint of an organism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encodes proteins and acts in various capacities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transformed genetic research through DNA cutting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CRISPR-Cas9 technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To construct disease-resistant crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate gene expression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joining DNA fragments for recombinant DNA construction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organic compounds essential for life, including proteins and nucleic acids.

Categories include amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; can be simple or complex sugars.

Single sugar molecules that cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller sugars; examples include glucose.

Carbohydrates made of two monosaccharide units connected by a glycosidic bond.

Large carbohydrates formed from many monosaccharides; used for energy storage or structure.

The bond formed between monosaccharides during condensation, linking them together.

Homopolysaccharides consist of identical monosaccharides; heteropolysaccharides have different types.

Lipids serve multiple functions: energy storage, insulation, protection, and cellular signaling.

A chemical process in the 17th and 18th centuries that led to large-scale soap production from lipids.

Lipids were utilized for cooking, preservation, and industrial applications such as fuel and candles.

Renewable energy sources derived from lipid-rich biomass, like algae, for sustainable energy.

Products derived from lipids that enhance health benefits and are designed for wellness.

The cosmetics sector increasingly uses plant-based and biotechnologically sourced lipids in their products.

Future research aims to design microorganisms to produce high-value fatty acids through genetic engineering.

Insulin was the first protein to be sequenced, by Dr. Frederick Sanger in 1955.

A process used to amplify specific DNA sequences for detection and quantification of genetic material.

Mapping an individual's entire genome quickly and affordably for personalized medical treatments.

Vaccines developed using messenger RNA technology, showcased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A technique for delivering therapeutic nucleic acids to specific cells for treating genetic disorders.

Combining nucleic acids with semiconductors to create bio-electronic devices for chemical detection.

Advancements in therapies utilizing RNA, like RNA interference, for medical treatments.

Using nucleic acids to develop biofuels, highlighting applications in biotechnology.

Nucleic acid-based sensors developed to detect pollutants and assess ecological conditions.

Complex macromolecules essential for storing and transmitting genetic information.

Deoxyribonucleic acid; serves as an organism's genetic blueprint.

Ribonucleic acid; translates genetic information from DNA into proteins.

Monomers that make up nucleic acids; consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

DNA contains adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

RNA contains adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

The typical structure of DNA formed by two strands wound around each other.

Nucleic acids regulate cellular processes like cell division and metabolism.

A naturally-occurring polymer made of amino acids, crucial for cellular functions.

Organic compounds with both amino and carboxyl groups, the building blocks of proteins.

Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet, as the body cannot synthesize them.

Amino acids that the body can synthesize, thus not required in the diet.

Amino acids that are required in certain conditions, such as illness or stress.

Property of molecules with a chiral center, leading to enantiomerism in amino acids.

Covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

The three-dimensional arrangement of a protein's polypeptide chains, formed by interactions.

A gene-editing technology for precise modifications in DNA.

A technique to amplify small segments of DNA for analysis.

An enzyme that joins DNA fragments together.

Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences.

A biological process that regulates gene expression.