Biomolecules and Organic Molecules Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe molecules directly involved in the formation of living organisms?

  • Macromolecules
  • Cellular structures
  • Biomolecules (correct)
  • Organic compounds

Which elements are commonly found in biomolecules?

  • Argon, Neon, Helium, Lithium
  • Bromine, Silver, Gold, Zinc
  • Calcium, Iron, Sodium, Chlorine
  • Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (correct)

What acronym represents the common components of biomolecules?

  • H2O
  • COPS
  • CHNOPS (correct)
  • NASH

Which of the following is NOT classified as a biomolecule?

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

<p>Nucleic acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of proteins in living organisms?

<p>Catalyzing biochemical reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might different organisms have different dietary needs regarding plants?

<p>Structural differences in plant biomolecules affect digestibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule is primarily involved in energy storage?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic that distinguishes starch from sugar?

<p>Starch is not sweet and granular. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is glucose classified as?

<p>Monosaccharide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes deoxyribose and ribose sugars?

<p>Deoxyribose lacks one oxygen atom compared to ribose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do carbohydrates play in energy metabolism in the body?

<p>They serve as the main energy source for the body's muscles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycogen in the body?

<p>It is a form of energy storage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following carbohydrates help in stool formation and elimination?

<p>Cellulose and pectin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carbohydrates affect protein metabolism in the body?

<p>They prevent proteins from being converted to energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is glucose primarily used by cells in the body?

<p>For direct energy supply or stored as glycogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do phospholipids play in living organisms?

<p>They are components of various membrane structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do lipids function in plant food storage?

<p>They are stored as fats and oils. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between carbohydrates and lipids?

<p>Carbohydrates can be converted to triglycerides for long-term energy storage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule helps bind nucleic acids like DNA?

<p>Histone protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the waxy lipids on plant leaves?

<p>To prevent excessive transpiration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is specifically mentioned as part of the structure of DNA?

<p>Deoxyribose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process directly attaches carbohydrates to proteins?

<p>Glycosylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do proteins regulate essential reactions in the body?

<p>Through the expression of genetic information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components that carbohydrates are primarily made of?

<p>Carbon and Hydrogen (C), Carbon and Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ratios describes the atomic composition of carbohydrates?

<p>1:2:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the production of carbohydrates in plants?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to excess carbohydrates in the body?

<p>Converted to fat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of biological molecules are carbohydrates classified as?

<p>Biopolymers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient group includes carbohydrates as one of its main components?

<p>Macronutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

<p>Energy source (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options correctly identifies a complex carbohydrate?

<p>Starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sugar is found in DNA?

<p>Deoxyribose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?

<p>Uracil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is formed by the twisting of two DNA strands?

<p>Double helix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA?

<p>To possess and control the characteristics of an organism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA for protein synthesis?

<p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form of nucleic acid is information typically stored in viruses that lack DNA?

<p>Ribonucleic acid (RNA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the double helix model of DNA?

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the structure of DNA is disturbed?

<p>It undergoes repair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components that make up the strands of the DNA structure?

<p>Sugar and phosphate molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?

<p>Adenine with Thymine and Guanine with Cytosine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance of one complete turn of the DNA helix?

<p>3.4 nm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature is used to describe the DNA double helix?

<p>A spiral staircase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carbon number is represented as '5'' at the end of a DNA strand?

<p>The fifth carbon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of bases are Adenine and Guanine classified as?

<p>Purines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the configuration of the DNA strands in relation to each other?

<p>Strands run in opposite directions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major and minor grooves in DNA?

<p>Spaces formed by the twisting of the helix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the width of the DNA double helix?

<p>2 nm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many nucleotides are included in one full turn of the DNA helix?

<p>10 nucleotides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biomolecule

A molecule that is a crucial component of living cells, typically made up of organic molecules like those created from carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

CHNOPS

An abbreviation for the common elements in biomolecules: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S).

Organic Molecule

A molecule containing carbon, usually in combination with other elements like hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur.

Biomolecules Composition

Biomolecules are formed from numerous small and large molecules in living cells, composed of more than 25 elements, with CHNOPS being the most common.

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Biomolecules

The basic components of living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

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Carbohydrates

Complex organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio, serving as a structural, storage, and energy source.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight and chlorophyll.

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Sugar

A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to the body.

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Energy Source (Carbohydrates)

Carbohydrates are a primary source of energy for the body.

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Excess Carbohydrates

If consumed in excess, carbohydrates are stored as body fat.

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Breakdown of Sugar

The process of breaking down sugar into smaller sugar molecules in the body, which are then absorbed.

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Carbohydrates

A major source of energy for the body, broken down into glucose for immediate use or storage as glycogen.

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Phospholipids role

Phospholipids are a type of lipid that form parts of various membrane structures.

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Lipids in Photosynthesis

A specific type of lipid has a crucial function in the process of photosynthesis.

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Sugar

A sweet, granular carbohydrate, soluble in water.

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Lipid Energy Storage

Fats and oils are stored as energy reserves in plants.

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Starch

A non-sweet, granular carbohydrate, insoluble in water.

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Monosaccharides

The simplest units of carbohydrates, building blocks for more complex carbs.

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Waxy Lipids Function

Waxy lipids create a protective layer on leaves, reducing water loss and protecting from insects.

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Carbohydrates to Glucose

Carbohydrates can be converted to glucose, a fast energy source, or stored as glycogen.

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Pentose sugar

A type of monosaccharide with 5 carbons.

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Ribose

A pentose sugar with oxygen at every carbon postion(as in sugar)

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Triglycerides Storage

Excess glucose is stored as lipids called triglycerides for long-term energy storage.

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Glycosylation

Carbohydrates can be attached to proteins to modify their structure and function.

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Deoxyribose

A pentose sugar, similar to ribose but lacking oxygen on one carbon.

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Glucose

A simple sugar that serves as the primary energy source for the body.

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Histones role

Histones are proteins that help package DNA strands.

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Phospholipids in Membranes

Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes, forming a bilayer.

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Glycogen

Storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles.

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Physiological role of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates provide the major source of energy, support brain function, muscle energy, prevent protein conversion and aid in stool formation.

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Energy Source

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy, especially glucose.

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Brain Function

Glucose is the exclusive energy source for the brain and nervous system.

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DNA Structure

DNA is a double helix, resembling a spiral staircase, with two strands of sugar-phosphate molecules connected by nitrogen bases.

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Nitrogen Bases

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) in DNA.

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Nucleotide

The building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

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Sugar-Phosphate Backbone

The structural framework of DNA formed by alternating sugar and phosphate molecules.

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Complementary Strands

The two DNA strands run in opposite directions (antiparallel), a 3' to 5' and 5' to 3'.

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10 Nucleotides per Turn

A complete turn in the DNA double helix encompasses 10 nucleotides.

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Major/Minor Grooves

Variations in the DNA grooves, with the major groove wider than the minor groove.

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DNA Structure

DNA is a double helix, a twisted ladder-like structure formed by two strands of nucleotides.

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DNA Function

DNA stores and transmits genetic information, controlling organism characteristics and heredity.

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Nucleotide Composition

A nucleotide comprises a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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DNA Sugars

DNA uses deoxyribose sugar, distinct from ribose in RNA.

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DNA Bases

DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

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RNA Structure

RNA is a single-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides.

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RNA Types

RNA exists as ribosomal (rRNA), messenger (mRNA), and transfer (tRNA).

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RNA Function

RNA plays crucial roles in protein synthesis, often acting as a genetic intermediary or regulator within cells.

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DNA vs RNA

The main difference between DNA and RNA is the type of sugar in their respective nucleotides (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA).

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Double Helix

The characteristic structure of DNA where two strands twist around each other.

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Study Notes

Biomolecules

  • Biomolecules are the molecules directly involved in living organisms
  • They are formed from a variety of elements
  • The six most prominent elements are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S)
  • These elements are abbreviated as CHNOPS
  • The most important atom in terms of structure is carbon
  • Living cells are composed of numerous molecules, including small and large biomolecules
  • Organisms are made of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
  • Plants and animals need these molecules

Organic Molecules

  • Organisms are made of four main types of organic biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
  • Carbohydrates are a main energy and structural component of plants and animals
  • Lipids are also an energy storage molecule
  • Proteins have many roles, from structural to regulatory ones
  • Nucleic acids are essential for genetic information and heredity

Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are important structural, storage, and energy sources
  • They are composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  • The elements form in a ratio of 1:2:1
  • Examples include glucose and starch
  • Glucose is a sugar, sweet, granular, soluble in water
  • Starch is not sweet, granular, and insoluble in water

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic acids are large organic molecules essential for all living organisms
  • They're located in chromosomes and ribosomes, mitochondria, and plastids
  • DNA and RNA are two types of nucleic acids
  • DNA is the most important permanent chemical molecule in cells, containing and controlling the organism's functions
  • RNA is not double-stranded, and has three main types: rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA
  • RNA's main function is to synthesize proteins and carry messages to ribosomes

Proteins

  • Proteins are large, complex organic molecules
  • Proteins are made up of amino acids
  • Proteins have many roles in the body, including enzymes, antibodies, and hormones
  • The amino acid arrangement forms the primary structure of a protein
  • Each protein is a unique combination of 20 different amino acids
  • Proteins are necessary for the body for structure, function, and regulation

Lipids

  • Lipids are a group of fatty substances composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  • They're important as energy storage and structural components
  • They are hydrophobic; not soluble in water
  • Lipids are abundant in fruits and seeds
  • They're essential for protecting plants
  • The corona virus has a lipid membrane

Interrelationships of Biomolecules

  • Biomolecules interrelate in complex ways to support life processes
  • Carbohydrates and nucleic acids are related through the structure of DNA
  • Carbohydrates and lipids are interconverted; carbohydrates are converted into glucose, stored as glycogen
  • Carbohydrates are attached to proteins; glycosylation, to form protein structures
  • Proteins and nucleic acids make up the structural components of the body

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Science - Biomolecule PDF

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Test your knowledge on biomolecules and the four main types of organic molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Learn about their roles, structures, and importance in living organisms. Discover how these molecules contribute to the makeup of life itself.

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