Biomolecules and Organic Molecules Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe molecules directly involved in the formation of living organisms?

Macromolecules

Cellular structures

Biomolecules (correct)

Organic compounds

Which elements are commonly found in biomolecules?

Argon, Neon, Helium, Lithium

Bromine, Silver, Gold, Zinc

Calcium, Iron, Sodium, Chlorine

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (correct)

What acronym represents the common components of biomolecules?

H2O

COPS

CHNOPS (correct)

NASH

Which of the following is NOT classified as a biomolecule?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of proteins in living organisms?

Catalyzing biochemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Why might different organisms have different dietary needs regarding plants?

Structural differences in plant biomolecules affect digestibility Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule is primarily involved in energy storage?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic that distinguishes starch from sugar?

Starch is not sweet and granular. Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is glucose classified as?

Monosaccharide Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes deoxyribose and ribose sugars?

Deoxyribose lacks one oxygen atom compared to ribose. Signup and view all the answers

What role do carbohydrates play in energy metabolism in the body?

They serve as the main energy source for the body's muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycogen in the body?

It is a form of energy storage. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following carbohydrates help in stool formation and elimination?

Cellulose and pectin Signup and view all the answers

How do carbohydrates affect protein metabolism in the body?

They prevent proteins from being converted to energy. Signup and view all the answers

How is glucose primarily used by cells in the body?

For direct energy supply or stored as glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

What role do phospholipids play in living organisms?

They are components of various membrane structures. Signup and view all the answers

How do lipids function in plant food storage?

They are stored as fats and oils. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between carbohydrates and lipids?

Carbohydrates can be converted to triglycerides for long-term energy storage. Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule helps bind nucleic acids like DNA?

Histone protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the waxy lipids on plant leaves?

To prevent excessive transpiration. Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is specifically mentioned as part of the structure of DNA?

Deoxyribose Signup and view all the answers

What process directly attaches carbohydrates to proteins?

Glycosylation Signup and view all the answers

In what way do proteins regulate essential reactions in the body?

Through the expression of genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components that carbohydrates are primarily made of?

Carbon and Hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ratios describes the atomic composition of carbohydrates?

1:2:1 Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the production of carbohydrates in plants?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to excess carbohydrates in the body?

Converted to fat Signup and view all the answers

Which types of biological molecules are carbohydrates classified as?

Biopolymers Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient group includes carbohydrates as one of its main components?

Macronutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

Energy source Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options correctly identifies a complex carbohydrate?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

What sugar is found in DNA?

Deoxyribose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?

Uracil Signup and view all the answers

What structure is formed by the twisting of two DNA strands?

Double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA?

To possess and control the characteristics of an organism Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA for protein synthesis?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) Signup and view all the answers

In what form of nucleic acid is information typically stored in viruses that lack DNA?

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the double helix model of DNA?

James Watson and Francis Crick Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the structure of DNA is disturbed?

It undergoes repair Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components that make up the strands of the DNA structure?

Sugar and phosphate molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?

Adenine with Thymine and Guanine with Cytosine Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance of one complete turn of the DNA helix?

3.4 nm Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature is used to describe the DNA double helix?

A spiral staircase Signup and view all the answers

Which carbon number is represented as '5'' at the end of a DNA strand?

The fifth carbon Signup and view all the answers

What types of bases are Adenine and Guanine classified as?

Purines Signup and view all the answers

What is the configuration of the DNA strands in relation to each other?

Strands run in opposite directions Signup and view all the answers

What are the major and minor grooves in DNA?

Spaces formed by the twisting of the helix Signup and view all the answers

What is the width of the DNA double helix?

2 nm Signup and view all the answers

How many nucleotides are included in one full turn of the DNA helix?

10 nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biomolecules

Biomolecules are the molecules directly involved in living organisms
They are formed from a variety of elements
The six most prominent elements are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S)
These elements are abbreviated as CHNOPS
The most important atom in terms of structure is carbon
Living cells are composed of numerous molecules, including small and large biomolecules
Organisms are made of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
Plants and animals need these molecules

Organic Molecules

Organisms are made of four main types of organic biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
Carbohydrates are a main energy and structural component of plants and animals
Lipids are also an energy storage molecule
Proteins have many roles, from structural to regulatory ones
Nucleic acids are essential for genetic information and heredity

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are important structural, storage, and energy sources
They are composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
The elements form in a ratio of 1:2:1
Examples include glucose and starch
Glucose is a sugar, sweet, granular, soluble in water
Starch is not sweet, granular, and insoluble in water

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are large organic molecules essential for all living organisms
They're located in chromosomes and ribosomes, mitochondria, and plastids
DNA and RNA are two types of nucleic acids
DNA is the most important permanent chemical molecule in cells, containing and controlling the organism's functions
RNA is not double-stranded, and has three main types: rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA
RNA's main function is to synthesize proteins and carry messages to ribosomes

Proteins

Proteins are large, complex organic molecules
Proteins are made up of amino acids
Proteins have many roles in the body, including enzymes, antibodies, and hormones
The amino acid arrangement forms the primary structure of a protein
Each protein is a unique combination of 20 different amino acids
Proteins are necessary for the body for structure, function, and regulation

Lipids

Lipids are a group of fatty substances composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
They're important as energy storage and structural components
They are hydrophobic; not soluble in water
Lipids are abundant in fruits and seeds
They're essential for protecting plants
The corona virus has a lipid membrane

Interrelationships of Biomolecules

Biomolecules interrelate in complex ways to support life processes
Carbohydrates and nucleic acids are related through the structure of DNA
Carbohydrates and lipids are interconverted; carbohydrates are converted into glucose, stored as glycogen
Carbohydrates are attached to proteins; glycosylation, to form protein structures
Proteins and nucleic acids make up the structural components of the body

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Description

Test your knowledge on biomolecules and the four main types of organic molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Learn about their roles, structures, and importance in living organisms. Discover how these molecules contribute to the makeup of life itself.