10 Questions
What is the primary function of transport proteins?
To move molecules and ions across cell membranes
What is the building block of nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
What is the energy currency of the cell?
ATP
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
C₆H₁₂O₆
What is the function of structural proteins?
To provide framework and support
What is the type of lipid involved in hormone production and regulation?
Steroid
What is the quaternary structure of proteins?
Arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains
What is the function of ATP hydrolysis?
To release energy
What is the type of carbohydrate that serves as an energy source for cells?
Monosaccharide
What is the function of defense proteins?
To protect against pathogens and foreign substances
Study Notes
Biomolecules
Proteins
- Large, complex biomolecules composed of amino acid chains
- Perform a wide range of functions in the cell, including:
- Enzymes: catalyze chemical reactions
- Structural proteins: provide framework and support
- Transport proteins: move molecules and ions across cell membranes
- Defense proteins: protect against pathogens and foreign substances
- Primary structure: sequence of amino acids
- Secondary structure: alpha helices and beta sheets
- Tertiary structure: 3D shape of the protein
- Quaternary structure: arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains
Nucleic Acids
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
- Composed of nucleotides, each consisting of:
- Sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA)
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous base (A, C, G, T, or U)
- Double helix structure in DNA, single strand in RNA
- Functions:
- Storage of genetic information
- Transmission of genetic traits
- Synthesis of proteins
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
- Energy currency of the cell
- Composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
- Hydrolysis of ATP releases energy, which is used to perform cellular functions
- Functions:
- Energy source for muscle contraction
- Fuel for protein synthesis
- Energy for membrane transport
Carbohydrates
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- General formula: C₆H₁₂O₆
- Functions:
- Energy source for cells
- Structural components of cells and tissues
- Important in cell signaling and recognition
- Types:
- Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose)
- Disaccharides (sucrose, lactose)
- Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen)
Lipids
- Composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with oxygen and other atoms
- Functions:
- Energy storage
- Structural components of cells and tissues
- Hormone production and regulation
- Types:
- Triglycerides (fats and oils)
- Phospholipids (cell membranes)
- Steroids (cholesterol, hormones)
- Waxes (protective coatings)
Test your knowledge on the different types of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, ATP, carbohydrates, and lipids. Learn about their structures, functions, and importance in the cell.
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