Biomes and Ecosystems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following grassland types is characterized by receiving around 500mm of rainfall annually?

  • Deserts
  • Tropical grasslands
  • Tropical forests
  • Temperate grasslands (correct)

The tundra experiences a growing season of approximately 90 days.

False (B)

Name one adaptation of plants in the tundra biome.

Shallow root systems or low to the ground growth

The average temperature range in tropical forests is between _____ and _____ Celsius.

<p>30, 35</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following biomes with their defining characteristics:

<p>Tropical forests = 4 layers of vegetation Deserts = Temperature range of 30-35C Tundra = Permafrost and low vegetation Temperate forests = Leaves fall in winter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of trees are commonly found in tropical grasslands?

<p>Acacia trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Temperate grasslands typically support a large number of trees and shrubs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main surface cover in the tundra biome?

<p>Permafrost</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of trees tend to be dominant in some ecosystems, particularly woodlands?

<p>Both deciduous and coniferous trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is eutrophication primarily caused by?

<p>Excessive use of fertilizers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In moorland ecosystems, vegetation is often managed by allowing it to grow without any interventions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economic development is solely about tourism activities along coastlines.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of burning moorland vegetation?

<p>To control the growth of plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the removal of a species, such as cod, have on the ecosystem?

<p>It disrupts the food chain and affects the whole ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Broadleaf trees are primarily _________, losing their leaves in autumn.

<p>deciduous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ecosystems with their characteristics:

<p>Moorland = Created by grazing and management for grouse shooting Woodland = Dominated by broadleaf and coniferous trees Wetlands = Area with rich, fertile soils and water-logged conditions Fens = Drained areas used for agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eutrophication damages other organisms in water by absorbing _____ from the environment.

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Eutrophication = Excessive nutrient buildup leading to ecosystem damage Ports = Facilities for the transportation of goods Economic Development = Generating income from coastal activities Deeper Channels = Needed for larger ships and can harm the marine ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major characteristic of the soils in wetland areas?

<p>Fertile and peaty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has driven the need for bigger ports in recent years?

<p>Growth in global trade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coniferous trees lose their leaves seasonally like deciduous trees.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is typically found in areas like the Somerset Levels?

<p>Water-logged areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The decline of cod species in 2011 had no effect on the ecosystem.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of using too many fertilizers in agriculture?

<p>It causes eutrophication in water bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the high biodiversity in tropical rainforests?

<p>High rainfall and consistent temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Secondary consumers can sometimes be tertiary consumers in a food web.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation allows rainforest plants to shed excess water from heavy rainfall?

<p>drip tips</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rainforest's soil contains nutrients primarily at the ______.

<p>top</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature range is typical for the tundra biome?

<p>-34C to 12C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following rainforest adaptations with their descriptions:

<p>Drip Tips = Help shed excess water from leaves Buttress Roots = Anchor tall trees in shallow soil Layers of the Rainforest = Provide diverse habitats for various species Detritivores = Recycle nutrients from dead organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tropical forests have the same rainfall distribution as deserts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tropical rainforests?

<p>Sparse plant growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one characteristic of boreal forests.

<p>Trees have thick bark to protect against cold temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do detritivores play in the rainforest ecosystem?

<p>Recycle nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

In temperate forests, trees shed their leaves in ______ to reduce transpiration.

<p>winter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biome has a total annual rainfall of around 200mm and receives much of its precipitation as snow?

<p>Tundra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tropical rainforests typically have a young ecosystem that develops quickly.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biome with its corresponding feature:

<p>Tundra = Permafrost ground cover Temperate forests = Four-layer vegetation structure Boreal forests = Needle leaves to reduce transpiration Tropical grasslands = Rain concentrated in 6-8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

Short vegetation growing seasons of about 60 days are characteristic of tundra.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of animals commonly exist in boreal forests?

<p>Red foxes and black bears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average temperature in Manaus during the month of July?

<p>28°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The driest months in Manaus occur in January, February, and March.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate total rainfall in March?

<p>295 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

The range of temperature in Manaus is ______°C.

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following months with their corresponding rainfall amounts in Manaus:

<p>January = 267 mm June = 109 mm August = 56 mm November = 165 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following months has the lowest average rainfall?

<p>August (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a significant connection between temperature and rainfall in Manaus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two key terms associated with the nutrient cycle mentioned?

<p>Abiotic factors and Biotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tundra

A biome characterized by extremely low temperatures, permafrost, and a short growing season. Plants include mosses, lichens, grasses, and dwarf shrubs. Animals include caribou, arctic foxes, and lemmings.

Temperate Forest

A biome with moderate temperatures, distinct seasons, and abundant precipitation. Deciduous trees, such as oak and maple, dominate, and the forest floor is rich in biodiversity.

Tropical Forest

A biome characterized by hot temperatures, high rainfall, and a diverse array of plant and animal life. Trees form a dense canopy, creating a humid and shady environment.

Boreal Forest

A biome with cold, snowy winters and short, cool summers. Coniferous trees, such as pine and spruce, dominate, and the forest floor is covered in a layer of needles.

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Temperate Grassland

A biome with hot summers and cold winters, characterized by grasses and wildflowers. Precipitation is moderate, and the soil is fertile.

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Desert

A biome characterized by dry, arid conditions with sparse vegetation. Temperatures can vary greatly depending on location, and rainfall is infrequent.

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Tropical Grasslands (Savanna)

A biome characterized by a warm climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons. Grasses are the dominant vegetation, interspersed with scattered trees.

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Tropical Grasslands (Savanna)

A biome with warm temperatures, abundant rainfall, and a savanna-like environment. The dry season can be long and harsh, leading to frequent fires.

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Tropical Grasslands

Tall grasses that grow up to 2 meters during the wet season and die back during the dry season. These grasslands are found in regions with distinct wet and dry seasons.

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Tropical Grasslands

These grasslands are characterized by tall grasses that grow during the wet season and are found in tropical regions with distinct wet and dry seasons.

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What is Eutrophication?

The process of excessive nutrient enrichment in water bodies, mainly caused by agricultural runoff, that leads to excessive plant growth, oxygen depletion, and damage to other organisms.

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What is the impact of Ports on the marine ecosystem?

An increase in the number and size of ports due to increased global trade and larger ships, with potential negative impacts on marine ecosystems.

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What is Economic Development in coastal areas?

The process of making money from the coastline using tourism or other activities, often requiring infrastructure development, which can have both economic and environmental consequences.

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Explain the impact of removing a species from an ecosystem.

The removal of a species can have a ripple effect throughout the ecosystem due to its connections through food chains.

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Wetlands

A type of ecosystem characterized by low-lying land, often saturated with water, and dominated by grasses and reeds. These areas are commonly found in the United Kingdom and can experience periodic flooding.

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Woodland

A type of woodland ecosystem where trees are the dominant plant life. These forests are often characterized by deciduous trees that lose their leaves in the autumn and regrow them in the spring.

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Grasslands

A type of ecosystem characterized by open, treeless landscapes dominated by grasses. These areas often have fertile soils and are suitable for agriculture.

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Moorland

A type of ecosystem characterized by peat soils, often found in high altitudes or wet environments. These areas are typically dominated by heath plants and can support a diverse range of wildlife.

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Land Drainage

The process of artificially draining water from a landscape, often for agricultural purposes. This can have significant impacts on the ecosystem, such as reducing wetlands and altering the natural water flow.

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Fens

A type of wetland ecosystem that is characteristic of the East Anglian Fenland region of the United Kingdom. These areas are often dominated by reeds, sedges, and other aquatic plants and are home to a diverse range of wildlife.

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Broads

A type of wetland ecosystem that is characteristic of the Norfolk Broads region of the United Kingdom. These areas are often dominated by reed beds and are home to a variety of wildlife, including birds, fish, and water voles.

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Rivers & Streams

A type of ecosystem characterized by the flow of water through a channel, typically with a defined bed and banks. These can range from small streams to large rivers and support a diverse range of aquatic life.

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What are abiotic factors?

The physical parts of an ecosystem, such as water, wind, rocks, and oxygen.

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What are biotic factors?

The living organisms within an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.

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What is the nutrient cycle?

The process by which nutrients move through an ecosystem, involving living organisms and the environment.

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What is average temperature?

The average temperature over a year in a specific location.

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What is the temperature range?

The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures in a location.

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What is monthly rainfall?

The amount of rainfall received in a specific month.

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What is the rainfall variation?

The difference between the highest and lowest rainfall amounts in a location.

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What is the connection between temperature and rainfall?

The relationship between temperature and rainfall in a location.

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Secondary consumer

Organisms that eat other animals, often called predators.

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Detritivores

Organisms that break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

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Biodiversity

The diversity of life in a given area, encompassing the variety of species present.

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Drip tips

Specialized leaf tips that help drain excess water, preventing damage and moss growth.

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Buttress roots

Shallow, wide roots that provide stability for tall trees in shallow, nutrient-poor soil.

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Layers of the rainforest

The distinct layers of a rainforest, each offering unique habitats and contributing to its biodiversity.

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Adaptations

Adaptations that help organisms survive in specific environments, often involving physical changes.

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Evolutionary variation

The process by which organisms change their physical characteristics over time to better suit their environment.

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Study Notes

Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Management

  • Tropical rainforests in South America have the largest biodiversity on Earth.
  • A resource is the stock or supply of something useful to people.
  • The biosphere is the part of Earth capable of supporting life.
  • Exploitation is the act of using natural resources.
  • A finite resource is one that will eventually run out.
  • The water cycle is the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, oceans, and land.
  • Minerals are naturally occurring, solid, non-living substances (e.g., coal, diamonds).
  • Moorland is upland land in the UK with acidic, peaty soils and small shrubs, such as heather, with few trees.
  • Heathlands are lowland areas with small shrubs, like heather and gorse, with a few birch trees.
  • Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the autumn.
  • Coniferous trees stay in leaf all year round.
  • Wetlands are low-lying, wet areas of land.
  • Aquaculture is the breeding of fish in controlled conditions.
  • Colonization is becoming established in an area.
  • Abiotic factors are non-living components of an environment (e.g., water, wind, oxygen).
  • Biotic factors are living components of an environment (e.g., plants, animals).
  • Detritivores are animals that feed on dead plant or animal matter.
  • Organic material was once living.
  • Inorganic material was never living.
  • Soil is the top layer of the earth's surface.
  • Biomass is the amount or weight of living organisms in an area.
  • The nutrient cycle is the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic materials.
  • A food chain is a series of steps illustrating energy transfer between organisms.
  • A food web is a network of food chains.
  • Biodiversity refers to the variety of species in an area.
  • Limiting factors are factors (such as temperature and moisture) that limit biodiversity.
  • The structure of tropical rainforests involves layers of plants and animals.
  • Transpiration is the evaporation of moisture from plant leaves.
  • Eutrophication is excessive plant growth due to fertilizers.
  • Monoculture is growing a single crop over large areas.
  • Overpopulation is having too many people in an area compared to its resources.
  • Favela are shanty towns in Brazil.
  • NGOs are non-governmental organizations.
  • Carbon credits are permits to emit carbon dioxide.
  • Ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas.
  • Hibernation is a state of dormancy during winter.
  • An ecosystem is a community of interacting organisms and their environment.
  • A biome is a global-scale ecosystem.
  • The biosphere is all living things on Earth.

The World's Ecosystems

  • Biomes have unique characteristics, primarily influenced by climate.
  • Biomes include temperate and boreal forests, tropical grasslands, temperate grasslands, deserts, and tundra.
  • These biomes have varying temperature ranges, precipitation patterns, and associated plant and animal life.

The UK's Ecosystems

  • The UK has varied ecosystems, but not a huge number of different types.
  • Key ecosystem types are farming, moorlands/mountains, grasslands, woodlands, wetlands.
  • The percentages of these ecosystems vary across the UK.
  • There are different types of plants and animals that are adapted to live in these ecosystems.

The UK's Marine Ecosystems

  • UK marine ecosystems are extensive.
  • Inshore habitats are close to the shoreline.
  • Offshore habitats are further from the shoreline.
  • Examples include estuaries, lagoons, salt marshes, seaweed, deep-sea beds, beaches, coral reefs, oyster beds, seagrass beds, sea caves.

Human Activities and the Marine Ecosystem

  • Overfishing is a significant threat.
  • Eutrophication is caused by excess nutrients.
  • Ports are important for trade but can damage habitats.
  • Economic development can cause coastal damage.
  • Windfarms impact marine environments.

Tropical Rainforests and the Nutrient Cycle

  • Tropical rainforests have unique climate data, with high temperatures and high rainfall in areas such as Manaus, Brazil.
  • Tropical rainforests are highly productive biomes, with high biodiversity and continuous tree cover.
  • The nutrient cycle in the rainforest is influenced by rapid decomposition and nutrient cycling.
  • The rainforest loses leaves in a short period of time, and there are not many limiting factors.
  • Rainforest trees are evergreen.

Deforestation in the Tropical Rainforest

  • Deforestation is the clearing of forests for various reasons.
  • Major causes include agriculture, mineral extraction, and population growth.
  • Madagascar is a case study where deforestation is occurring, often using methods like 'tavy' (slash-and-burn agriculture).
  • Deforestation has significant environmental consequences and impacts on biodiversity.

Woodland Ecosystems

  • Woodland ecosystems cover large areas in the UK.
  • Features include: deciduous trees (oak), and conifers, understory of plants and shrubs.
  • These ecosystems have characteristic animals and birds, and are influenced by climate and human activities.
  • There is less leaching in deciduous woodlands.

Deciduous Woodlands

  • Deciduous woodlands have a broad range of temperature and rainfall.
  • The key point is that this ecosystem has fewer limiting factors.
  • The ecosystem has differing layers.
  • The amount of biodiversity is moderate.
  • Woodland ecosystems are affected by human activities.

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Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Management GCSE Class Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various biomes including tundra, tropical forests, and grasslands. This quiz covers characteristics, adaptations of plants, and the impacts of human activities on these ecosystems. Challenge yourself with questions about rainfall, temperature ranges, and ecosystem management.

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