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Questions and Answers
What type of joint is the knee classified as?
What type of joint is the knee classified as?
Which bones are primarily involved in the knee joint?
Which bones are primarily involved in the knee joint?
Which articulations are included within the knee joint capsule?
Which articulations are included within the knee joint capsule?
What is the main function of the articular cartilage in the knee joint?
What is the main function of the articular cartilage in the knee joint?
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Which part of the knee joint is considered the weight-bearing joint?
Which part of the knee joint is considered the weight-bearing joint?
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What separates the medial and lateral condyles of the femur?
What separates the medial and lateral condyles of the femur?
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The tibial plateau is best described as having what kind of shape?
The tibial plateau is best described as having what kind of shape?
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What role does the proximal tibiofibular joint play in relation to the knee?
What role does the proximal tibiofibular joint play in relation to the knee?
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Which tibial plateau bears most of the load during stance when the knee is extended?
Which tibial plateau bears most of the load during stance when the knee is extended?
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What is the approximate surface area relationship between the medial and lateral tibial plateaus?
What is the approximate surface area relationship between the medial and lateral tibial plateaus?
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How do the menisci contribute to the tibiofemoral joint?
How do the menisci contribute to the tibiofemoral joint?
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What percentage of the total load can the menisci bear?
What percentage of the total load can the menisci bear?
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What happens to patellofemoral compression during knee flexion?
What happens to patellofemoral compression during knee flexion?
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What factor increases the compressive force at the patellofemoral joint during stair climbing?
What factor increases the compressive force at the patellofemoral joint during stair climbing?
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What is recommended for minimizing knee forces during training?
What is recommended for minimizing knee forces during training?
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What is a consequence of a meniscectomy regarding joint health?
What is a consequence of a meniscectomy regarding joint health?
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What role does the PCL play when the knee is flexed between 75-90 degrees?
What role does the PCL play when the knee is flexed between 75-90 degrees?
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Which muscle plays an important role in stabilizing the knee from posterior shearing forces when the PCL is damaged?
Which muscle plays an important role in stabilizing the knee from posterior shearing forces when the PCL is damaged?
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Which bursa is located between the quadriceps femoris and the femur?
Which bursa is located between the quadriceps femoris and the femur?
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Which muscles are primarily responsible for medial rotation at the knee?
Which muscles are primarily responsible for medial rotation at the knee?
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What happens to the PCL during hamstring contraction in a PCL deficient person?
What happens to the PCL during hamstring contraction in a PCL deficient person?
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How does the PCL best resist medial tibial rotation?
How does the PCL best resist medial tibial rotation?
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What condition describes the knee's position when it locks in a closed kinematic chain?
What condition describes the knee's position when it locks in a closed kinematic chain?
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Which bursa is located between the semimembranosus muscle and the medial head of the gastrocnemius?
Which bursa is located between the semimembranosus muscle and the medial head of the gastrocnemius?
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What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee?
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How do the menisci contribute to shock absorption in the knee?
How do the menisci contribute to shock absorption in the knee?
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Which statement about the medial and lateral menisci is correct?
Which statement about the medial and lateral menisci is correct?
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What role does the synovial membrane play in the knee joint?
What role does the synovial membrane play in the knee joint?
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What factor contributes to the menisci's ability to resist compression?
What factor contributes to the menisci's ability to resist compression?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the knee joint's stability?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the knee joint's stability?
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During which activity can compressive loads through the knee reach up to 3-4 times body weight?
During which activity can compressive loads through the knee reach up to 3-4 times body weight?
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What happens to the knee's stability in a flexed position compared to an extended position?
What happens to the knee's stability in a flexed position compared to an extended position?
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What is the primary function of the ACL?
What is the primary function of the ACL?
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Which bundle of the ACL is under the most tension at approximately 10-15 degrees of knee flexion?
Which bundle of the ACL is under the most tension at approximately 10-15 degrees of knee flexion?
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What is a key factor contributing to the strength of the PCL compared to the ACL?
What is a key factor contributing to the strength of the PCL compared to the ACL?
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At approximately what degree of knee flexion is neither the AMB nor the PLB of the ACL taut?
At approximately what degree of knee flexion is neither the AMB nor the PLB of the ACL taut?
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What movement is commonly associated with ACL injuries?
What movement is commonly associated with ACL injuries?
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Which statement accurately describes the PCL's bundles of fibers?
Which statement accurately describes the PCL's bundles of fibers?
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Which ligament is theorized to provide the most effective rotary stability of the knee?
Which ligament is theorized to provide the most effective rotary stability of the knee?
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How does the PCL's anatomy compare to that of the ACL?
How does the PCL's anatomy compare to that of the ACL?
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What is the primary role of the intercondylar tubercles in the knee?
What is the primary role of the intercondylar tubercles in the knee?
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Which structure is NOT considered a part of the dynamic restraints of the knee?
Which structure is NOT considered a part of the dynamic restraints of the knee?
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How do the medial and lateral menisci differ in shape?
How do the medial and lateral menisci differ in shape?
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What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint classified as?
What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint classified as?
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What is the significance of the sloping of the tibia shaft?
What is the significance of the sloping of the tibia shaft?
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What is the primary attachment point of the medial meniscus?
What is the primary attachment point of the medial meniscus?
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How do the femoral condyles interact with the menisci?
How do the femoral condyles interact with the menisci?
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What contributes to the overall instability of the tibiofemoral joint?
What contributes to the overall instability of the tibiofemoral joint?
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Study Notes
Biomechanics of the Knee Joint
- The knee is a large, complex synovial joint, crucial for locomotion and weight-bearing.
- It's a bi-condylar joint allowing flexion, extension, and slight medial/lateral rotation.
- The knee includes three articulations within the joint capsule: tibiofemoral (weight-bearing), and patellofemoral joints.
- The proximal tibiofibular joint, though not directly part of the knee, influences knee motion.
Articulating Surfaces
- The femur, tibia, and patella articulate via cartilage-covered surfaces.
- Articular cartilage minimizes friction.
- Tibia's medial and lateral condyles articulate with the femur's corresponding condyles to form the tibiofemoral joint.
- The femur's anterior and distal aspect articulates with the patella to form the patellofemoral joint.
- The fibula, running alongside the tibia, provides attachment points for ligaments and muscles.
- The femur's distal aspect creates the proximal articulating surface, with two condyles (medial and lateral).
- There's an intercondylar notch and patellar groove for the patella.
Tibiofemoral Joint
- A modified hinge joint, presenting six degrees of freedom.
- Joint stability comes from the joint capsule, ligaments, and menisci alongside the dynamic restraints of muscles.
Patellofemoral Joint
- The patella articulates with the femoral condyles.
- Patella tracks within the femoral groove.
- The static and dynamic relationships of the tibia and femur affect patellar tracking.
Menisci
- Semilunar cartilages that cushion and stabilize the knee by aligning the articulating surfaces.
- Concave superiorly, flat inferiorly, fitting within the intercondylar notch of the tibia.
- Medial and lateral menisci differ in shape and attachment.
- Connected to each other through a transverse ligament, anchored to the tibia (mostly peripherally).
Joint Capsule
- Thick fibrous layer externally, thinner internally.
- Contains synovial membrane, which creates synovial fluid for lubrication.
- Includes infrapatellar fat pad and bursa as cushions.
Ligaments
- Critical structures providing knee stability.
- ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL are crucial in resisting various forces and stresses.
- Location and orientation of ligaments determine how they resist knee dislocation.
Knee Movements
- Flexion and extension are primary movements.
- Muscles (e.g., quadriceps femoris for extension, hamstrings for flexion) control these actions.
Knee Loads
- Primarily weight-bearing during activities like walking and running.
- Compressive forces are significant, exceeding body weight during activities like stair climbing.
Pathologic Conditions
- Excessive genu valgum (knock-knees) and genu varum (bowlegs) are common abnormal knee forms.
- Genu recarvatum (hyperextension) results in abnormal angles.
Knee Axis
- Assessing knee alignment involves identifying landmarks and using these to establish mechanical and anatomical axes.
- Important in analyzing and treating knee misalignment conditions.
Q Angle
- Measurement of angle between quadriceps muscles and patellar tendon.
- It shows the dynamic instability of patella. Larger values are associated with higher likelihood of knee pain/issues.
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Description
Explore the anatomy and functions of the knee joint in this quiz. Learn about its complex structure, including the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. Assess your understanding of the articulating surfaces and their roles in movement.
