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Questions and Answers
What is kinematics primarily concerned with?
What is kinematics primarily concerned with?
- Study of motion of rigid bodies with no consideration of the forces involved (correct)
- Study of forces acting on rigid bodies
- Study of motion and forces acting on rigid bodies
- None of the above
What are the available movements at the spinal column?
What are the available movements at the spinal column?
- Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation (correct)
- Compression, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction
- Eversion, Inversion, Pronation, Supination
- None of the above
What primarily determines the amount of flexion at the spinal segment?
What primarily determines the amount of flexion at the spinal segment?
- Size and height of the disc (correct)
- Tension in the supraspinous and infraspinous ligaments
- The extent of Mechanical Displacement
- Orientation of Articular processes
What causes widening of the intervertebral foramen during flexion?
What causes widening of the intervertebral foramen during flexion?
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Which factor controls excessive flexion at the spinal column?
Which factor controls excessive flexion at the spinal column?
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Study Notes
Kinematics
- Kinematics primarily deals with the description of motion, focusing on parameters such as position, velocity, and acceleration without considering the forces causing the motion.
Movements at the Spinal Column
- The spinal column allows several types of movements: flexion, extension, lateral bending (side bending), and rotation.
- Flexion and extension primarily occur in the sagittal plane, while lateral bending and rotation occur in the frontal and transverse planes, respectively.
Flexion at the Spinal Segment
- The amount of flexion at a spinal segment is primarily determined by the anatomical structure of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs.
- Ligamentous structures surrounding the spine also play a critical role in limiting and guiding the extent of flexion.
Widening of the Intervertebral Foramen
- During spinal flexion, the intervertebral foramen widens due to the tilting of the vertebrae and the reduction of the compressive forces on the intervertebral discs.
- This widening can relieve pressure on spinal nerves that travel through these openings.
Control of Excessive Flexion
- The proper functioning and integrity of posterior spinal ligaments regulate excessive flexion, providing stability and preventing injury.
- Muscles acting on the spine also contribute to controlling the range of motion and protecting against hyperflexion.
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