Biomechanics

<p>Posterior roll and anterior glide of the femur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tendons and ligaments restricting motion. (C), Joint effusion from inflammation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal torque originates from structures within the body, while external torque is produced by external forces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First-class lever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal torque is always greater than external torque. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance applied by a therapist to a limb. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decomposing forces involves breaking down a single force into its x and y components. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In opposite directions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary Motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shoulder abduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shoulder Internal/External Rotation at 90 degrees abduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spin is combined with roll and slide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the secondary and tertiary movements contributing to joint motion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rolling, sliding, and spinning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximal congruency of joint surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Full extension with external rotation of the tibia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear movement in space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the point at the exact center of mass distribution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Has magnitude but no direction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smaller angles yield greater x components and smaller y components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open packed position at 30 degrees flexion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal Forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical Advantage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At one end of the lever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater than 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third class lever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less than 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal forces generally have greater leverage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The position of the forces relative to the axis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximal segment is free to move (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roll (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximal segment rotates on a fixed distal segment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can shift subtly during rotation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motion between the articular surfaces of joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The imaginary line that a bone rotates around during joint movement.

The number of planes of motion a joint allows. A joint can have up to three degrees of freedom, corresponding to the sagittal, frontal, and horizontal planes.

A movement where the distal segment is not fixed, allowing for free movement.

A movement where the distal segment is fixed to the ground or an immovable object, limiting movement.

Movement of the bones in space, visible to the naked eye.

Movement occurring between the articular surfaces of a joint, unseen by the naked eye.

The rolling motion of one joint surface across another. Think of a tire rolling on the road.

A sliding motion between joint surfaces, where one surface moves parallel to the other. Think of sliding a book across a table.

During knee extension in an open kinematic chain (OKC), the tibia rolls anteriorly (forward) and slides anteriorly (forward) while spinning externally (outward).

During knee flexion in a closed kinematic chain (CKC), the femur rolls posteriorly (backward) and slides anteriorly (forward).

The concave-convex rule is a guideline to predict joint motion. In a concave-on-convex joint, the moving surface rolls and glides in the same direction, while in a convex-on-concave joint, the moving surface rolls and glides in opposite directions.

If a joint is restricted, applying the concave-convex rule to stretch tight structures is still an effective treatment approach.

Studies have shown that the validity of the concave-convex rule is influenced by the joint's state (normal or dysfunctional) and the active/passive subsystems involved in joint motion.

A single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface. Imagine a tire skidding.

A single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point of the other articular surface. Imagine a spinning top.

The predominant arthrokinematic motion that contributes to a joint's overall movement.

Secondary and tertiary arthrokinematic movements that assist in achieving the joint motion.

If a convex surface moves on a concave surface, roll and slide occur in opposite directions.

If a concave surface moves on a convex surface, roll and slide occur in the same directions.

Shoulder's internal and external rotation when the arm is at 90 degrees abduction, Hip Flexion and Extension, Humeroradial joint's supination and pronation.

Some joints combine roll, slide, and spin. For instance, terminal knee extension: knee extension in closed kinetic chain.

Torque produced by forces within the body, like muscles and ligaments.

Torque produced by forces outside the body, such as gravity or external loads.

A simple machine consisting of a rigid rod that rotates around a pivot point.

A type of lever where the pivot point (axis of rotation) is located between the force being applied and the resistance.

A type of lever where the resistance is located between the axis of rotation and the force being applied.

A position of maximal congruency between joint surfaces, typically at the end of range of motion. This position offers greater stability and less accessory movement due to taut ligaments and capsule.

A position of less congruency between joint surfaces, allowing for more accessory movement. Ligaments and capsule are relatively slack, resulting in lower stability.

The point within an object where its mass is evenly distributed in all directions. This point is considered the center of gravity for practical purposes in this context.

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

A quantity that has only magnitude and no direction.

The branch of mechanics that studies the effects of forces on the body, including their magnitude, direction, and point of application.

The axis of rotation is located at one end of the lever, and the external forces have greater leverage.

The efficiency of a lever is determined by its mechanical advantage. It is the ratio of the force exerted by the muscles (internal force) to the force exerted on the object (external force).

The mechanical advantage of the internal force is greater than 1, indicating a high mechanical advantage. This means the muscle force is amplified to move a greater external force.

The mechanical advantage of the internal force is less than 1, indicating a low mechanical advantage. This means the muscle force is smaller compared to the external force.

Third class levers are the most common in the human body because they allow for a wide range of motion and increased speed. Even though they have a low mechanical advantage, they are efficient for fine movements and quick actions.

The force exerted by the muscles (internal force) to the force exerted on the object (external force).

The force exerted by the muscles (internal force) to the force exerted on the object (external force).