Biomechanics of Gait Stage 1 and 2
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Questions and Answers

Match the body parts with their positions during Stage 1: Initial Contact:

Hip = Flexed Knee = Extended Ankle = Neutral Foot = Supinated

Match the body parts with their movements during Stage 2: Loading Response:

Trunk = Lateral shift towards the stance leg Hips = Beginning to extend Knee = Flexing Ankle = Plantar flexing

Match the stages of gait cycle with their descriptions:

Stage 4: Mid Stance = Weight has shifted forwards to the middle of the foot. Stage 5: Terminal Stance = Period from ipsilateral heel off to contralateral foot contact. Stage 6: Initial Swing = Period from toe off through to feet adjacent. Stage 7: Terminal Swing = Period from feet adjacent through to initial foot contact.

Match the joints with their movements during Stage 4: Mid Stance:

<p>Trunk = reaches highest point, peak lateral motion of trunk Hip = extending Knee = reaches peak knee flexion and begins extension Ankle = dorsiflexing as tibia moves over foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the joints with their movements during Stage 5: Terminal Stance:

<p>Trunk = moving to the opposite side Hip = reaches its most extended position Knee = moving back into flexion Ankle = plantarflexing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of gait cycle with their characteristic movements:

<p>Stage 3 = trunk begins to gain height, right pelvis coming back to neutral Stage 4 = centre of gravity is highest Stage 6 = trunk moving through neutral toward the new supporting foot Stage 7 = trunk moves from maximal displacement on left side back toward midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the joints with their movements during Stage 6: Initial Swing:

<p>Hip = flexing Knee = flexing (mainly due to flexion of hip - pendulum) Ankle = moves from plantarflexion to neutral or dorsiflexed position Foot = slightly supinated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of gait cycle with their characteristic foot positions:

<p>Stage 4 = pronation (eversion) and tibial internal rotation peak Stage 5 = reaches maximal supination Stage 6 = slightly supinated Stage 7 = remains in supination</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Stage 1: Initial Contact, the hip is extended.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The foot is pronated during Stage 1: Initial Contact.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Stage 2: Loading Response, the trunk is moving medially towards the stance leg.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The force vector passes through the knee during Stage 3: Foot Flat.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ankle is in neutral position during Stage 2: Loading Response.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The body has not yet travelled over the supporting leg during Stage 2: Loading Response.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Stage 4: Mid Stance, the tibia rotates internally.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Stage 5: Terminal Stance, the trunk moves to the opposite side.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Stage 6: Initial Swing, the knee is in a state of extension.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Stage 4: Mid Stance, the force vector passes through the middle of the foot and through the knee and stance leg.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Stage 7: Terminal Swing, the ankle becomes plantarflexed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Stage 4: Mid Stance, the hip reaches its most extended position.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the force vector during Stage 6: Initial Swing?

<p>Forwards and upwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of the hip during Stage 7: Terminal Swing?

<p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the foot during Stage 6: Initial Swing?

<p>Supination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of the knee during Stage 4: Mid Stance?

<p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the trunk during Stage 5: Terminal Stance?

<p>Moving to the opposite side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of the ankle during Stage 5: Terminal Stance?

<p>Plantarflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the hip during Stage 1: Initial Contact?

<p>flexed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the tibia during Stage 2: Loading Response?

<p>it rotates internally</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the ankle during Stage 3: Foot Flat?

<p>dorsiflexed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the force vector during Stage 1: Initial Contact?

<p>through the heel and ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the trunk during Stage 2: Loading Response?

<p>moving medially towards the stance leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of the knee during Stage 1: Initial Contact?

<p>extended and starting to flex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gait Cycle Stages

Stage 1: Initial Contact

  • Trunk is behind the leading foot, crossing the midline towards the stance leg, with the right pelvis forward
  • Hip is flexed, knee is extended and starting to flex
  • Ankle is neutral, and the foot is supinated
  • Contact with the ground results in a vertical force vector through the heel and ankle

Stage 2: Loading Response

  • Body has travelled over the supporting leg, with the force vector passing through the heel, knee, and in front of the pelvis
  • Foot starts to pronate, and tibial internal rotation occurs
  • Trunk is in its lowest vertical position, moving laterally towards the stance leg
  • Hips begin to extend, knee flexes, ankle plantarflexes, and foot pronates

Stage 3: Foot Flat (Contralateral Toe Off)

  • Contralateral limb is at toe off, with the stance limb having the pelvis more over it
  • Foot is flat on the ground, with the ankle dorsiflexing as the tibia moves over the foot
  • Force vector passes behind the knee and just in front of the pelvis

Stage 4: Mid Stance

  • Weight shifts forward to the middle of the foot
  • Force vector passes through the middle of the foot, knee, and stance leg
  • Tibia moves into external rotation, and knee reaches peak flexion
  • Trunk reaches its highest point, with peak lateral motion of the trunk

Stage 5: Terminal Stance

  • Second double support occurs, with the period from ipsilateral heel off to contralateral foot contact
  • Body shifts body weight to the other limb
  • Trunk moves to the opposite side, hip reaches its most extended position
  • Knee moves back into flexion, ankle plantarflexes, and foot reaches maximal supination

Stage 6: Initial Swing

  • Period from toe off to feet adjacent
  • Force vector passes through the last point of the toe and behind the knee and hip
  • Trunk moves through neutral towards the new supporting foot, gaining height
  • Hip flexes, knee flexes, ankle moves from plantarflexion to neutral, and foot is slightly supinated

Stage 7: Terminal Swing (Late Swing)

  • Period from feet adjacent to initial foot contact, with toe clearance occurring
  • Trunk moves from maximal displacement on one side back towards the midline, losing height
  • Hip flexes, knee extends rapidly, ankle position is not as important, and foot remains in supination

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Description

Understand the initial contact and loading response stages of the gait cycle, including the positions of the trunk, hip, knee, ankle, and foot. Learn how the body transitions from single to double support during this critical phase.

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