40 Questions
What is the benefit of using a longer approach in bowling?
To increase the time to apply forces to increase ball speed
What is the term for the property of all objects to resist changes in their state of motion?
Inertia
What is the linear measure of inertia?
Mass
What is the overall motion used in a movement?
Range of Motion
What is the term for a person's ability to control their body position relative to some base of support?
Balance
What is the benefit of increasing the range of motion in a movement?
To increase speed or to gradually slow down from a high speed
What is the term for the force that acts upon an object in motion?
External force
What is the purpose of increasing the time to apply force?
To slow down objects or to land safely
What is the study of the movement of living things using the science of mechanics?
Biomechanics
What is the primary focus of biomechanics?
Human body
What is the study of the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements?
Mechanics
What is the term for the study of forces and moments?
Statics
What is the focus of kinematics and kinetics in biomechanics?
Movement and motion
What is the outcome of studying biomechanics?
Explanation of basic terminology and concepts
Why is the study of biomechanics important?
To understand the human body
What is the relationship between biomechanics and mechanics?
Biomechanics is a subset of mechanics
What is the primary focus of injury prevention and rehabilitation in the context of sports?
Examining the role of soft tissue motion on joint loading and injury
What is the main concept behind the Force–Motion principle in biomechanics?
Unbalanced forces lead to motion or modification of movement
What is the primary application of motor control in rehabilitation?
Training individuals to perform exercises correctly
What is the focus of the study on landing mechanics in relation to ACL injury?
Examining the female predisposition to ACL injury
What is the main function of levers in the human body?
To alter the resulting direction of the applied force
What is the main objective of tools for measuring kinematic quantities?
To determine the coordinates of the marked points as a function of time
What is the primary role of gait and locomotion analysis in rehabilitation?
Understanding the movement patterns of individuals
Which of the following is an indirect measurement technique?
Cinematography
Why do physiotherapists learn about biomechanics and motor control?
To develop effective exercise and rehabilitation programs
What is the axis of rotation in a lever system?
The joint or fulcrum
What is the purpose of the tiny infrared lights in optoelectric techniques?
To mark the desired anatomical landmarks
What is the primary focus of computer simulation in rehabilitation?
Modeling and predicting movement patterns
What determines the type of lever in the human body?
The relationship of the points (axis, force, and resistance)
What is the anatomical position?
A specific stance, with the body upright and facing forward
What is the principle behind acoustic systems in kinematic measurement?
Reflected sound waves
What is the primary application of ergonomics in rehabilitation?
Designing equipment and devices to prevent injury
What is the purpose of the anatomical position?
To provide a standard reference point for describing the body
Which of the following is a non-optical technique used in kinematic measurement?
Magnetic system
What is the definition of a first-order lever?
A lever where the force and resistance are on opposite sides of the axis
What is the focus of kinematics in the analysis of human motion?
The description of motion of objects
What is an example of a lever in the human body?
The human arm
Which of the following is a direct measurement technique?
Goniometers
What is the result of a lever system in the human body?
Changes in the direction of the applied force
What is the unit of measurement for angular kinematic quantities?
Radians
Study Notes
Biomechanics
- Biomechanics is the study of the movement of living things using the science of mechanics.
- It is concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements.
Basic Terminology and Concepts
- Forces and moments include statics and kinematics and kinetics.
- Mechanics is the study of the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements.
- Biomechanics is the study of mechanics limited to living structures, especially the human body.
Applications of Biomechanics
- Injury prevention and rehabilitation
- Biomechanics of the knee joint following ACL surgery
- Sport shoes and their role in motion control and shock absorption
- Landing mechanics indicative of a female predisposition to ACL injury
- Examination of the role of soft tissue motion on joint loading and injury
- Heading and head injury in youth soccer
Why Physiotherapists Learn Biomechanics
- Sport and exercise
- Gait and locomotion
- Ergonomics
- Prosthetics and orthotics
- Rehabilitation
- Motor control
- Computer simulation
Nine Fundamentals of Biomechanics
- Force-motion principle: unbalanced forces are acting on our bodies or objects when we either create or modify movement.
- Inertia: the property of all objects to resist changes in their state of motion.
- Range of motion: the overall motion used in a movement and can be specified by linear or angular motion of the body segments.
- Balance: a person's ability to control their body position relative to some base of support.
Measuring Kinematic Quantities
- Tools for measuring kinematic quantities include direct measurement techniques (goniometers, special joint angle measuring systems, accelerometers) and indirect measurement techniques (cinematography, television, optoelectric technique, magnetic system, electromagnetic system, acoustic systems).
Kinematic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion
- Kinematics is the motion description in linear (meters, feet, etc.) or angular (radians, degrees, etc.) terms.
- Levers are used to alter the resulting direction of the applied force.
- Levers are classified into three types: first order, second order, and third order.
- Levers in the human body include bones and joints.
Positional and Directional Terminologies
- Anatomical position: the description of any region or part of the body in a specific stance.
- In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward, upper limbs are at the body's sides with the palms facing forward.
Test your understanding of fundamental concepts in biomechanics, including forces and moments, statics, kinematics, and kinetics.
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