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Questions and Answers
What is the Center of Gravity (COG) also referred to as?
What is the Center of Gravity (COG) also referred to as?
- Point of Application
- Equilibrium Point
- Centre of Mass (correct)
- Gravity Vector
What is the definition of gravity?
What is the definition of gravity?
- A force that acts in opposition to weight.
- A type of motion experienced by objects.
- The pull of the Earth on a body or its segments. (correct)
- An external force that only affects living creatures.
Which statement accurately describes the direction of the gravitational force?
Which statement accurately describes the direction of the gravitational force?
- It varies in direction based on location.
- It acts upwards away from the Earth.
- It acts tangentially to the surface of the Earth.
- It is directed towards the center of the Earth. (correct)
Which equation represents the magnitude of gravitational force?
Which equation represents the magnitude of gravitational force?
What does Segmental COG refer to?
What does Segmental COG refer to?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gravity as described?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gravity as described?
Which of the following best explains the concept of equilibrium in relation to gravity?
Which of the following best explains the concept of equilibrium in relation to gravity?
What does the line of application of gravity refer to?
What does the line of application of gravity refer to?
Where is the center of gravity (COG) located in a symmetrical object?
Where is the center of gravity (COG) located in a symmetrical object?
What happens to the location of the COG when the trunk is inclined forward?
What happens to the location of the COG when the trunk is inclined forward?
Which factor does NOT contribute to the stability of an object?
Which factor does NOT contribute to the stability of an object?
What is stable equilibrium characterized by?
What is stable equilibrium characterized by?
How is the line of gravity (LOG) best visualized?
How is the line of gravity (LOG) best visualized?
When can a body be in neutral equilibrium?
When can a body be in neutral equilibrium?
What does an increase in the base of support (BOS) generally signify?
What does an increase in the base of support (BOS) generally signify?
What is the primary role of segments in the human body regarding COG?
What is the primary role of segments in the human body regarding COG?
Which of the following contributes to unstable equilibrium?
Which of the following contributes to unstable equilibrium?
What effect does heavier weight have on stability?
What effect does heavier weight have on stability?
What is the effect of a larger base of support (BOS) on the location of the line of gravity (LOG)?
What is the effect of a larger base of support (BOS) on the location of the line of gravity (LOG)?
How does the height of the center of gravity (COG) affect an object's stability?
How does the height of the center of gravity (COG) affect an object's stability?
What happens to the center of gravity (COG) when a person holds a heavy object in one hand?
What happens to the center of gravity (COG) when a person holds a heavy object in one hand?
How does the application of a cast to a limb impact the center of gravity (COG)?
How does the application of a cast to a limb impact the center of gravity (COG)?
What effect does relocating the COG have when external mass is added to the body?
What effect does relocating the COG have when external mass is added to the body?
What must occur for an object to maintain stability while standing on one leg?
What must occur for an object to maintain stability while standing on one leg?
When a person leans to one side while carrying a heavy object, what is the primary reason for this action?
When a person leans to one side while carrying a heavy object, what is the primary reason for this action?
Which arrangement supports greater stability for an individual?
Which arrangement supports greater stability for an individual?
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Study Notes
Gravity
- Gravity is an external force with a consistent pull from the earth on objects, acting on the human body.
- Defined as mutual attraction between the Earth and an object, directed towards the center of the Earth.
- Gravitational force is a vector quantity with point of application at the Center of Gravity (COG).
Center of Gravity (COG)
- COG is a hypothetical point where all mass of an object seems to be concentrated.
- In symmetrical objects, COG is located at the geometric center; in asymmetrical objects, it shifts towards the heavier end.
- Each body segment has its own COG, which can be combined into a single COG when segments are assessed collectively.
Line of Gravity (LOG)
- The LOG is the vertical line of force due to gravity, always directed downwards toward the center of the Earth.
- Visualization of LOG can be compared to a string with a weight, tied to the COG of an object.
Base of Support (BOS)
- BOS refers to the area supporting a rigid body in contact with a surface.
- Different positions (lying, standing) create varying sizes of BOS, influencing stability.
- Walking aids can increase a patient's BOS for improved stability.
Equilibrium
- Equilibrium is a state where a body is at rest or in constant motion, with no translatory or rotatory motion.
- Stable equilibrium restores the body to its original position after displacement, while unstable equilibrium exacerbates displacement.
Rules of Equilibrium
- Larger BOS increases stability; closer COG is to BOS enhances stability.
- An object is stable only if its LOG is within its BOS.
- Greater mass and friction between BOS and the supporting surface also contribute to stability.
Stability and COG
- For an object to remain stable, the LOG must remain within the BOS.
- A wider BOS allows more freedom for the LOG without losing stability.
- A lower COG decreases the likelihood of falling.
Relocation of Center of Gravity
- The COG shifts with changes in segment arrangement or mass distribution.
- Adding external mass redistributes the COG toward the additional weight.
- Applying a cast or holding a heavy object shifts the COG and influences stability by altering the BOS.
Practical Examples
- When standing with legs spread apart, the wider BOS allows for greater trunk movement with maintained stability.
- Leaning on another object effectively increases the BOS.
- Holding a suitcase shifts the COG upwards and necessitates compensatory leaning to return the LOG to a stable position.
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