Biomaterials Lecture 2: Types and Applications

A biomaterial is a substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a ______ purpose

This medical purpose can be either a therapeutic (treat, augment, repair, or replace) a ______

Various probe detectors are examples of applications in ______

The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science or biomaterial s ______

Biomaterials science encompasses elements of Medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering, and ______ science

A biomaterial is different from a biological material, such as bone, that is produced by a biological IUPAC definition. Material exploited in contact with living tissues, organisms, or It is formally defined as “a material designed to take a form that can direct, through interactions with living systems, the course of any therapeutic or diagnostic procedure” Biomaterials ar e materials used in medicine and dentistry that are intended to come in contact with The familiar tooth filling is where most humans first encounter biomaterials but increasingly many people now rely on more critical implants such as joint Undoubtedly, these biomaterial implants improve the quality of life for an increasing number of people each year, not just for older population, but for younger people with Requirements: A designed biomaterial sho uld serve its purpose in the environment of the living body A biomaterial should be ______. Toxicity for biomaterials deals with the substances that migrate out of In general, nontoxicity refers to ,noncarcinogenic nonpyrogenic, nonallergenic, blood compatible, noninflammator and y of biomaterial. We may say that a biomaterial should not give off any thing from its mass unless it is specifically In some cases, Biomaterials may be designed to release necessary amount of masses via drug delivery system The field remains a rich area for research and invention because no material alone is suitable for all biomaterial applications, and new applications are continually being Because of the complexity of cell and tissue reactions to biomaterials, it has proven advantageous to look to nature for guidance on biomaterials design, Within the discipline of biomaterials, biomimetics involves imitating aspects of natural materials or living tissues such as their chemistry, microstructure, or Biomaterials are successfully developed and used for more than a generation. First-generation biomaterials largely depended on being inert, or relatively inert, For these materials a minimal fibrous layer forms between the biomaterials and the body when the material is not totally accepted by the body. The success of these Thus the now standard hip replacement (almost a million worldwide each year) initially used a multi- This is made with austenitic stainless steel for the stem, PMMA for fixation and Polyethylene fo r the All the materials proved relatively bioinert and gave an average life time of 10 Nowadays, improved bioinert materials, have focused on bioactive materials which influence the biological response in a positive way, e.g. encourage bonding to surrounding tissue with With this bio-active approach, the interface between the body cells and the implant is critical and the materials science of the biomaterials When a biomaterial is placed in a physiological environment, its surface undergoes a competitive adsorption As a result, the biomaterial response is governed by the interactions of the A change in surface properties alters its interaction with molecules and subsequently Nanostructures are well known to influence the quantities, densities, distributions, conformation, and orientations of biomolecules adsorbed.

A change in surface properties alters its interaction with molecules and subsequently Nanostructures are well known to influence the quantities, densities, distributions, conformation, and orientations of ______ adsorbed.

The success of these Thus the now standard hip replacement (almost a million worldwide each year) initially used a multi- This is made with austenitic stainless steel for the stem, PMMA for fixation and Polyethylene fo r the All the materials proved relatively bioinert and gave an average life time of 10 Nowadays, improved bioinert materials, have focused on ______ materials which influence the biological response in a positive way, e.g. encourage bonding to surrounding tissue with

The familiar tooth filling is where most humans first encounter biomaterials but increasingly many people now rely on more critical implants such as ______

Because of the complexity of cell and tissue reactions to biomaterials, it has proven advantageous to look to nature for guidance on biomaterials design, Within the discipline of biomaterials, biomimetics involves imitating aspects of natural materials or living tissues such as their chemistry, microstructure, or ______

What is the formal definition of a biomaterial?

What are the requirements for a designed biomaterial?

What is the focus of improved bioinert materials in biomaterials science?

What does the study of biomaterials encompass?

What does biomimetics involve within the discipline of biomaterials?

What is the study of biomaterials called?

What is the purpose of a biomaterial in the context of interacting with biological systems?

What are the materials used in medicine and dentistry that are intended to come in contact with living tissues called?

What is the term that refers to a biomaterial's ability to influence the biological response in a positive way?

What aspect of natural materials or living tissues does biomimetics involve imitating?